In this article, we present our neuroimaging studies by functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) about the brain mechanism of cognition toward elucidation of pathophysiology in depression. The first and second data show the brain mechanism (Kurosaki et al., 2005; Ueda et al., 2003) related to dysfunctional beliefs and systematic cognitive errors identified by Beck (1967), and the third is that (Tanaka et al., 2004) related to differential activation hypothesis proposed by Teasdale (1988). Lastly, we also show the change of brain function before and after cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT). Depressed patients before the CBGT showed attenuated activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, and striatum were activated during the task. After the CBGT, the brain activation in good responders was restored as same as that in healthy control. However, in poor responder, there was no change on brain activation between before and after CBGT.
