基礎心理学研究
Online ISSN : 2188-7977
Print ISSN : 0287-7651
ISSN-L : 0287-7651
最新号
選択された号の論文の29件中1~29を表示しています
特集「身体・運動・行為の基礎心理学」
巻頭言
原著論文
  • Kentaro Yamamoto, Huidi Xiu
    2023 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 3-10
    発行日: 2023/09/30
    公開日: 2024/02/07
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2023/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー

    Intentional binding refers to the apparent compression of the temporal interval between voluntary actions and sensory outcomes. Recent studies have shown that the binding effect differs according to the type of action, namely pressing and releasing. In this study, we examined whether the influence of the type of action can be explained by a sensory association between action and outcome. We manipulated the type of visual outcome (stimulus appearance and disappearance) in addition to the type of action (pressing and releasing) and measured the binding effect using the interval estimation task. The results showed that both the action and outcome types influenced interval estimations: intervals were estimated to be shorter for pressing action than for releasing action, and they were estimated to be shorter when the stimulus appeared than when it disappeared. However, no interaction effect was observed between these factors. Bayesian analysis also supported the model without interaction more than the model with interaction. Our findings suggest that the action and outcome types independently contribute to intentional binding.

  • Fumiya Yonemitsu, Kyoshiro Sasaki, Yuki Yamada
    2023 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 11-18
    発行日: 2023/09/30
    公開日: 2024/02/07
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2023/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー

    Positive valence links to one’s upside and dominant hand/side, whereas negative valence is associated with one’s downside and non-dominant hand/side (i.e., space-valence metaphor). Previous studies have indicated that the effect of the vertical-valence metaphor is more salient than that of horizontal-valence metaphor. Furthermore, this difference in saliency may be related to whether the experimental task is related to rapid reaction and reaction time (RT), which reflects processing fluency. The present study empirically examined these hypotheses by conducting RT (Experiment 1) and non-RT (Experiment 2) tasks (i.e., a detection task in which rapid reactions were required and a pointing task, respectively). We found that the effect of the vertical-valence metaphor occurred in the experiments, while the typical impact of the horizontal-valence metaphor was not found in either. Our findings suggest that the effect of the vertical-valence metaphor is salient, whereas the impact of the horizontal-valence metaphor is not robust. Moreover, this difference in saliency was independent of the type of experimental tasks.

  • 中島 亮一, 熊田 孝恒
    2023 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 19-25
    発行日: 2023/09/30
    公開日: 2024/02/07
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2023/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー

    Visual perception of stimuli appearing at the front of the head is facilitated during eccentric gaze when the directions of the eyes and the head differ substantially. This indicates that visual attention tends to move toward the front of the head. This study examined whether top-down control for attending to a specific location influences attention during eccentric gaze. We conducted an experiment in which participants identified the target stimulus presented in the peripheral visual field, manipulating the direction of the head (main-task trials). In this experiment, we added some filler task trials where the target stimulus appeared at the location of fixation. To manipulate top-down control of attention, we varied the stimulus size (i.e., filler-task difficulty), assuming that observers would focus more attention on the location of fixation during the difficult filler-task condition. Head direction influenced visual perception in the main-task trials for both levels of filler-task difficulty. Importantly, the effect of head direction was smaller for the difficult filler-task than for the easy filler-task. Therefore, the effect of head direction on visual attention during eccentric gaze is modulated by top-down control of attention.

  • 安藤 瑠称, 吉岡 実穂, 大門 正太郎, 板口 典弘
    2023 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 26-37
    発行日: 2023/09/30
    公開日: 2024/02/07
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2023/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー

    Healthy participants can adaptively modulate their trajectory height to reduce possible disturbance to the movement when signal dependent noises increase. We aimed to clarify whether such an adaptive trajectory planning ability is preserved in hemiplegia patients, who showed decreased motor skills because of brain injury, and analyzed reaching kinematics with or without a 200 g weight. We hypothesized that patients would adjust their trajectory in simple reaching movements to compensate the lack of motor control accuracy due to their symptoms. The results show that patients’ trajectories with a weight were higher than those without a weight in affected hands. Moreover, in the 200 g weight condition, even higher trajectory was observed in the second block compared to the first block. These results suggest that hemiplegia patients can plan an adaptive trajectory, considering their movement accuracy, task requirements, and increased effects of motor noises due to muscle fatigue. We also replicated the results of the previous study using healthy participants, which are explained by the same mechanism considering motor noises and task requirements.

  • 中島 美里, 森 将輝, 板口 典弘
    2023 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 38-46
    発行日: 2023/09/30
    公開日: 2024/02/07
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2023/12/06
    ジャーナル フリー

    The present study aimed to investigate whether the laws of isochrony and homothety hold for Japanese characters by measuring handwriting movements using a liquid crystal display tablet. The law of isochrony means that handwriting time is constant regardless of handwriting size. The law of homothety means that the time required for each character is consistent regardless of the overall time required during continuous handwriting. The twenty-two participants made three shapes, four hiragana characters (Japanese phonetic alphabets),and four kanji characters (Chinese characters) on a tablet at various sizes and speeds. Total handwriting time was longer when character size increased for all character types. This result suggests that the law of isochrony does not hold for Japanese character types. When the characters were written sequentially, the partial handwriting time ratio was indefinite and, varied by character. This result suggests that the law of homothety might not hold for some characters. In summary, this study suggests that the spatiotemporal dynamics of handwriting in Japanese differ by character.

研究ノート
  • 武重 百香, 郷原 皓彦, 入戸野 宏
    2023 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 47-52
    発行日: 2023/09/30
    公開日: 2024/02/07
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2023/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー

    Manual responses are often facilitated when the handle direction of a tool is aligned with the response hand in two-choice reaction-time tasks. This effect is discussed in terms of affordance perception, but that is still controversial. If manual responses are promoted by perceived affordance of grasping, the responses would conversely be suppressed when the danger of grasping is perceived. In this study, 36 right-handed university students performed a discrimination task using blades and non-bladed tools on a tablet screen by tapping on the left or right position near the tool with the left or right index finger. The results showed that the responses were not facilitated even when the direction of the handle was aligned with the response hand. The responses were quicker to blades than to non-bladed tools and especially facilitated when the direction of the edge of the blade and the response position coincided. These results do not support the prediction from affordance perception and can be interpreted as a Simon-type spatial compatibility effect caused by the proximity of attention-grabbing blades to response positions.

評論
  • 温 文, 濵田 裕幸, 鈴石 陽介, Acer Chang
    2023 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 53-64
    発行日: 2023/09/30
    公開日: 2024/02/07
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2023/12/12
    ジャーナル フリー

    Sense of agency refers to the subjective feeling of controlling one’s own actions, and through them, the external events. Sense of agency is integral to self-consciousness, and been the subject of numerous studies aimed at uncovering its underlying mechanism. However, the significance of the sense of agency in human behavior remains poorly understood. Is it simply a by-product of action, or does it play a causal role in our behaviors? This review first briefly summarizes the leading theories of the mechanism underlying the sense of agency and then discusses the ways in which it influences human perception and behavior. The sense of agency is not only a subjective feeling experienced during decision-making and action–execution, but also plays a critical role in shaping our perceptions of the outcomes of our actions, directing our attention, and informing our actions. Furthermore, understanding the role of the sense of agency in cognitive systems is essential for the development of techniques that predict human behavior and subject experience and for designing optimal action plans for systems.

書評
講演論文 日本基礎心理学会第41回大会
シンポジウム1 自然界の規則性・冗長性と適応的情報処理
  • 木村 英司
    2023 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 67-68
    発行日: 2023/09/30
    公開日: 2024/02/07
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 木村 英司
    2023 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 69-73
    発行日: 2023/09/30
    公開日: 2024/02/07
    ジャーナル フリー

    The objects we encounter in everyday settings are composed of multicolored surfaces. To utilize the color information of these surfaces, it is necessary to efficiently summarize the color distribution of object surfaces. Studies examining such summarization (averaging) processes have shown that the three attributes of color — hue, saturation, and brightness — are averaged in different manners. Hue can be averaged accurately and approximated by the arithmetic mean on the uniform chromaticity scale diagram. Averaging of saturation exhibits a bias, with the average tending to shift towards a more saturated direction than the colorimetric mean. Furthermore, this bias becomes more pronounced when there is greater variability (noise) in the color distribution. While there is also a bias observed in the averaging of brightness, the underlying processing strategy seems to be adaptively adjusted depending on the task at hand. These summarizing strategies are believed to be acquired to enhance the reliability and certainty of sensory information in noisy natural environments. Identifying the factors that determine these processing strategies remains a challenge for future research.

  • 上田 祥行
    2023 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 74-79
    発行日: 2023/09/30
    公開日: 2024/02/07
    ジャーナル フリー

    Studies have recently shown that statistical summaries for a set of objects with various features can be perceived without much effort. This study examines the information processing of summary perception of a group of faces from three perspectives: 1) how accurately the summary information of a group of faces can be extracted when a diversity of ecologically valid faces are used as stimuli, 2) the region that is strongly weighted in the summary information processing of a group of faces, and 3) what form of mental representation is used to represent the summary information of the perceived face group. Finally, we argue that summary information processing of a group of faces with these characteristics is adaptive for humans forming social groups.

  • 佐藤 弘美
    2023 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 80-88
    発行日: 2023/09/30
    公開日: 2024/02/07
    ジャーナル フリー

    Recent research has revealed that the human visual system is capable of comprehending various pieces of information “at a glance.” Simultaneously, humans continuously receive information from the natural and social environments, which undergo constant changes. Thus, humans can identify patterns and regularities not only in a single moment but also in long-term changes. How the visual system estimates the spatiotemporal ensemble, i.e., the summary statistics of information that varies over time and space? Here, we introduce a series of our research findings that demonstrate how the visual system estimate spatiotemporal-statistical properties of the information from the visual events which probabilistically changes in the spatiotemporal domain, focusing on orientation as a representative visual feature.

  • 村井 祐基
    2023 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 89-94
    発行日: 2023/09/30
    公開日: 2024/02/07
    ジャーナル フリー

    The world surrounding us possesses temporally and spatially organized structures deriving from various physical laws. By leveraging these spatiotemporal structures of the external environment as prior information, the visual system compensates for uncertain and unreliable sensory information, facilitating efficient and adaptive perceptual processing. The serial dependence in visual perception refers to the phenomenon where the perception of current stimulus is biased toward previously seen stimuli, suggesting that the brain interprets a series of similar events occurring in succession as continuous events with the same origin. In this paper, we introduce our recent research on serial dependence and discuss its individual differences, and discuss how each individual acquires statistical information in the environment and to what extent they can utilize the acquired prior information.

シンポジウム2 動物の認知研究の陥穽を越えて
シンポジウム3 ヒューマンエラーの基礎心理学
2022年度第2回フォーラム「マスク顔は視覚はく奪か?―顔認知の環境を考える」
解説
  • 宇治土公 雄介
    2023 年 42 巻 1 号 p. 159-167
    発行日: 2023/09/30
    公開日: 2024/02/07
    ジャーナル フリー

    The haptic feedback technology for conveying haptic information to humans is expected to be used in various domains in the future. However, in general, the technology requires physical stimulation of the human body, necessitating specialized equipment for stimulation, including actuators, batteries, and computers, which poses challenges in terms of convenience and cost. On the other hand, an alternative approach has been proposed, which involves providing haptic feedback based on the manipulation of visual stimuli that co-occurs with the user input such as body motion. This approach does not require physical stimulation and it can provide haptic feedback with convenience and low cost. In this paper, I describe this approach based on “pseudo-haptics”. I describe the representative methods based on pseudo-haptics and characteristics of them.

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