行動指向性視覚的注意 : 自動車運転時の情報獲得特性と一般化(心理学の工学への応用,第29回大会 シンポジウム)

抄録

Characteristics of visual attention related to the safety are discussed from two aspects based on our research. The first one concerns eye movements and useful field of view (UFOV). This is the first attempt to examine UFOV in free eye movements under real behaviour. The narrowing of UFOV with increase of demand (complexity of situations) and a trade-off between depth and width of processing in UFOV were found. Supplementary the effect of ageing on UFOV is introduced. The ageing effect is largest in detection of irregular peripheral targets under dual task of central and peripheral detection. The second one concerns attention shift in depth (different distances) in an observer-moving situation. No previous research like this was performed. The results clearly showed that reaction time of shift of attention from far location to near location is shorter than the reverse. We call this "rubber band metaphor of attention" (asymmetrical viewer centred mode of attention shift). The difference is larger in moving condition than in stationary condition. This result is reasonable for drivers' safety and ecologically valid. It should be stressed that it is more promising to conduct experiments on visual attention in behaviour oriented situations.