抄録
Seed dormancy and germination are critical stages in the plant life cycle, profoundly influencing plant survival, reproduction, and ecological adaptability. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding seed dormancy and germination through molecular biology, genetics, and ecology. This review systematically summarizes the classification, biological functions, and hormonal regulatory mechanisms of seed dormancy, with a particular focus on the roles of key hormones such as abscisic acid and gibberellins, as well as dormancy-related genes like DOG1 in maintaining and breaking dormancy. It also explores the effects of environmental factors, including temperature, light, and moisture, on dormancy release and their molecular response mechanisms. Regarding seed germination, this paper reviews the physiological and biochemical changes during germination, outlines the regulatory networks of hormonal signaling, environmental stimuli, and gene expression, and reveals the core mechanisms underlying the transition from dormancy to germination. Furthermore, in light of agricultural and ecological demands, the potential applications of seed dormancy and germination regulation in crop improvement, ecological restoration, and seed storage are analyzed. By providing a comprehensive summary and outlook on seed dormancy and germination regulation research, this study aims to offer theoretical foundations and practical guidance for advancing seed biology, supporting sustainable agriculture, and enhancing ecosystem management.
