抄録
Dryland farming technology plays a vital role in global agricultural production, particularly in ensuring food security and promoting sustainable development in arid and semi-arid regions. With the intensification of climate change and the increasing scarcity of water resources, research and dissemination of efficient water-saving and yield-stabilizing technologies for dryland farming have become increasingly urgent. This paper systematically reviews the research background and developmental significance of dryland farming, defines its fundamental connotations and core characteristics, and analyzes its current development status globally and in China. At the technical level, it highlights typical water-saving and yield-enhancing practices such as mulching cultivation, rainwater harvesting and utilization, and soil water- and nutrient-retaining agents, elucidating their mechanisms and practical effectiveness. In addition, it summarizes the crucial role of drought-tolerant crop breeding, tillage system optimization, and integrated management measures in enhancing the stability and sustainability of dryland agriculture. On this basis, the challenges in technology promotion are discussed, including limited regional adaptability, low adoption rates among farmers, and insufficient technological integration. Finally, future research and application directions are proposed, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary integration, intelligent and precise applications, as well as regionalized and localized practices. This paper aims to provide systematic references and strategic insights for both the theoretical research and practical promotion of dryland farming technology.
