ナチス経済体制とカルテル

抄録

The article analyzes the development of economic control over the organization and price-agreement of industrial cartels by the German government under National Socialism. The cartels, which were established by business men in various fields of the economy during the Weimar Republic, were not abolished by the National Socialists, and cartel agreements were as common as before the Nazi era. In the cartel organization the leadership principle characteristic of National Socialism did not prevail, but the industrial cartels were controlled and used by the Nazi government as a means of controlling the war economy. The first cartel decree issued on 15 July 1933 changed the cartel statute of 1923 and strengthened the power of the Ministry of Economics over cartels. The second statute enacted on the same date introduced compulsory cartelization by the state. This article investigates at first the control of cartels before the Second World War by the Ministry of Economics in collaboration with the National Trade Association of Industry on the one hand, and by the National Price Commissioner on the other. Then it analyzes how "rationalization" policy on cartels was carried out by the government and the function of the price agreement of the cartels was modified and used as a means of price control by the state. Many cartels were abolished and reorganized by the "Groups" of the National Trade Association of Industry. They became the "Lenkungskartell". In spite of these changes the profit-making principle of the cartels was not abandoned, but preserved firmly under the National Socialist regime.