1930年代後半における熟練工養成政策の展開(大会報告,2013年度政治経済学・経済史学会秋季学術大会共通論題「職業能力と教育-経済史と教育学の対話-」)

抄録

With the rapid expansion of the machine and metal industries in the reflation era that followed the Manchurian Incident of 1931, the shortage of skilled workers became a focus of Japanese industrial policy-making. The anticipated explosion in demand for skilled workers and mechanics spurred discussion about bridging the gap between the demand and supply of skilled workers through training not only of apprentices in the factories but also of graduates of technical schools and national, public, and private training institutes (as distinct from in-house training at private firms). This essay examines the process by which training policies were developed by the following government ministries: the Ministry of Education (responsible for school-based education), the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (responsible for training measures developed in conjunction with private firms), and the Ministry of Welfare, established in 1938 from what had been sections of the Home Ministry (responsible for allocating human resources/labor force). National and public training institutes for mechanics enjoyed popularity because they offered a one-year schooling period before the start of work rather than on-the-job training. Young candidates for skilled workers appreciated going to the "schools" that distinguished them from factory apprentices. In this sense, school-consciousness persisted even during the war years.