The Characteristics and Changes of the Urban and Rural Planning System in New Zealand

Focusing on the Resource Management Act 1991

Abstract

The Resource Management Act 1991, a major piece of legislation underpinning urban and rural planning in New Zealand, was regarded as a progressive law for protecting environment. However, it is expected to be replaced with new laws by the New Zealand Government. This study aims to clarify the background of Resource Management Act’s formulation, its characteristics, and amendments. Originally, the Act was influenced by both New Public Management, based on the theory of neoliberalism, and growing international environmental awareness. Hence, this Act focuses on reducing negative effects on environment within land-use. In the latter half of the nearly 30 years of its operation, this Act was considered outdated, and received various amendments, mainly in order to reduce its complexity and provide a better framework for urban development.