Nagasaki Prefecture has the lowest rate of bicycle ownership in Japan. This study, which involved field and interview-based surveys, summarizes plans for promoting cycling in the prefecture, particularly in the cities of Minami-Shimabara, Omura, Goto, and Shin-Kamigoto. Only one of the five plans under consideration conducted a survey of residents, and when all the plans were scrutinized, no elements of public participation were found. Since the plans all tended to be simple and limited in scope, being confined within the administration, with the Road Construction Division taking the lead, future promotion of bicycle policy will require cross-departmental cooperation within the government. I suggest there is a need to develop a citizen sector, a network of stakeholders, and a bicycle concept unique to Nagasaki Prefecture.

In this study, as part of an effort to understand the administration of archeological sites protection in each prefecture, we conducted a correlation analysis between the number of excavational investigations and the number of specialized staff for archeological sites protection. As a result, we found a positive correlation between the two. In addition, based on the results of this analysis, we pointed out the urgent need for proper arrangement of specialized staff for archeological sites protection and the training of new personnel.

This study is the second report of the "A Basic Study to Academic Status of "Urban Management Theory". In the first report, we made clear the basic goals and important characteristics of "Urban Management Theory" by reviewing previous studies. The purpose of this paper is to take up "Regional Management Theory" as one of the similar concepts of "Urban Management Theory", summarize the outline of "Regional Management Theory", and study the relationship between the two theories. The results suggest that while many similarities can be found between " Urban Management Theory" and "Regional Management Theory," there are significant differences in the spatial areas covered by the two theories.

It is assumed that the park green space between the two lines of discontinuous levees, so called “Kasumi-tei”, creates a spatial continuity between the town and the river. In the previous report, a field survey was conducted on visibility and accessibility of the river from the town, but no clear features were observed, rather the presence of topography, trees, neighboring lands and buildings were confirmed to reduce these features. On the other hand, a new challenge emerged to focus on space and landscape formed by the two lines of levees and the gap between. In order to verify the issue, this paper reports the results of a field survey of three cases along the Shigenobu River. The results are as follows. 1) The same was confirmed as previously reported about the factors that reduced the visibility and the accessibility of the river from the town. 2) The spatial characteristics of enclosure by the levees and the appearance of the edge of the levees were newly identified.

Today, community revitalization efforts utilizing outdoor activity events are being implemented in many areas. The purpose of this paper is to examine the achievements and challenges of community revitalization by utilizing outdoor activity events through " Ryogouchi Rogaining " in the Ryogouchi district, Shimizu, Shizuoka-City. In conclusion, the results suggest that one of the outcomes of the project was the strengthening of community cooperation, while the lack of effectiveness measurement with objective data is a major issue.

It is desirable to stabilize the population balance of a school district from the perspective of the investment effect of public facility development and the sustainability of local communities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to focus on the relationship between the dynamics of the number of elementary school children and housing supply in Fukuoka City, and to clarify the factors that lead to the stabilization or instability of the number of children. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the supply of large-scale public housing complexes, housing for sale by the city government, and land readjustment projects are related to short-term increases and decreases in the number of children. The results of the case studies also revealed that small-scale, sparse developments and renewals over a long period of time lead to stabilization of the number of children.

The purpose of this study is to obtain basic materials for the design method of water hazard preventive space in disaster risk management, which is compatible with both disaster prevention and urban space planning. For this purpose, examples of water disaster preventive spaces that have been formed over a long period of time as wisdom and lessons learned from our ancestors were collected and examined. As a result, the following flood-prevention spaces were identified: "circle levee," "cross-levee," "flood prevention forest," and "tatami levee," which are all related to flood prevention. In addition, "coastal disaster prevention forests" were identified for tsunami countermeasures. They could be classified into three types of defense forms as basic materials for the design method of water disaster response space: (1) multiple defense type, (2) ecological (vegetation) utilization type, and (3) temporary assembly type.

In recent years, the decline of regional public transportation has become an issue due to population decline and motorization, especially in rural areas. There are many cases where declining regional public transportation is maintained with subsidies from the national and local governments, but there are limits. In order to maintain such regional public transportation systems in society as a whole, it is important to consider a subscription-type level-fare system in which citizens pay a fixed fee to use and maintain the service. In this study, we examined the feasibility of a system in which citizens pay for the maintenance and management of regional public transportation services, and the system allows unlimited rides on regional public transportation services. As a result, it was found that regional public transportation in Japan can be maintained with a per capita cost of approximately 50,000 yen, and it was shown that a level fare system can be realized with a cost that most citizens can accept.

The Resource Management Act 1991, a major piece of legislation underpinning urban and rural planning in New Zealand, was regarded as a progressive law for protecting environment. However, it is expected to be replaced with new laws by the New Zealand Government. This study aims to clarify the background of Resource Management Act’s formulation, its characteristics, and amendments. Originally, the Act was influenced by both New Public Management, based on the theory of neoliberalism, and growing international environmental awareness. Hence, this Act focuses on reducing negative effects on environment within land-use. In the latter half of the nearly 30 years of its operation, this Act was considered outdated, and received various amendments, mainly in order to reduce its complexity and provide a better framework for urban development.

Future lifestyle scene drawing is a city planning technique that graphically visualizes future urban developments. This research will elucidate two aspects of such drawings: what can be expressed in them and how the features included in them compare with those included in other drawings representing future urban developments. Future lifestyle scene drawing is useful for sharing and exchanging information about planning problems, and the images the drawings present facilitate visualization of the developments they represent. However, there are limitations to what the drawings can express. By means of a questionnaire-based survey about how the drawings compare with planning documents, it was clarified that the drawings make the nature of plans more comprehensible, allowing abstract concepts to be expressed in concrete terms.

Geostatistical models of rainfall estimation can be applied to estimate amount of rainfall in a particular region. Since conventional computer-based models such as metrological model and storage function model carry unknown parametrical errors, geostatistical approach may then be useful to explore more enclosed region. This paper describes an application of SPDE with R-INLA to rainfall estimation and outflow ratios of ASAKAWA River basin. Our conclusion is that since recent global climate change causes disastrous amount of rainfall in short period of time, urban planning approach with infrastructure construction become more crucial to prevent flood.

The objectives of this study are 1) to categorize agricultural land by adjacent environment in a mixed farm and residential area, focusing on the agricultural development system and land use, and 2) to compare cultivation status by category ofadjacent environment. The conclusions are as follows. 1) The agricultural developing area - AOJI - is clustered while the other area - SHIROJI - exists as an intermediate area between farm and residence. 2) Cultivation status varies depending on the category of adjacent environment, with SHIROJI areas adjacent to non-farming land and AOJI areas facing more roads tending to be less cultivated.

This paper aims to clarify the method of administrative support by the old town area revitalization caused by the merger of municipalities, we report on the case of Tsukuba City, which is carrying out regional revitalization through partnerships between the community-based organization and outside supporter. In Tsukuba City, as administrative support, study sessions were held to support the establishment of community-based organizations, and the idea competition was held to attract outside supporters. In order to analyze the results of support, we categorized eight old towns, classified the attributes of outside supporters, and compared the continuation status of collaboration. As a result, it was found that the outside supporters, joined in from the urban areas of the city continue to collaborate with the community-based organization compared to the outside supporters joined in from outside the prefecture. In addition, it was found that collaboration continues in the old town areas where the activities of community-based organizations are stable.

Annual consumption of sake and the number of production licenses are on the decline. This could cause a loss of regional characteristics of sake breweries (Sakagura). On the other hand, the movement of utilizing sake brewery architectures as tourism destinations can been seen in recent years, leading to the revitalization of the region. Accordingly, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive survey to clarify the status of remaining breweries in Japan and the actual conditions of utilization of sake brewery architectures. In the previous studies, we conducted surveys of Niigata prefecture. This paper describes the results of a survey of sake brewery architecture in the Aizu region of Fukushima prefecture.

One of the strategies to tackle with the developing regional problem is regional branding, or on the other hand, place branding. As the importance of distinctive characters of regions continually to attract attention from various disciplines, from regional study to marketing strategies and more, it is reasonable to suggest that effective methods to discover and to manage a place are needed for regional revitalization. This essay will be reviewing the concept of Japan regional branding and the current development towards place branding concept and the focus on exploring residents’ subjective opinions toward a place. By recognizing the need of exploring subjective opinions, this essay will propose a concept model based on visual ethnography for further exploring people’s subjective opinions and for providing a new perspectives and possibilities to regional revitalization.

In order to clarify the relationship of the guiding policies with aimed urban structure and guiding areas in Location Optimization Plans, this paper classified the guiding policies by clustering using natural language processing, and analyzed the characteristics of each type. The guiding policies were classified into three types: station-centered type, non-railway network type, and special type. The station-centered type tended to set up a wide residential guiding areas and to concentrate urban functions in the largest hub. The non-railway network type tended to create an overall vision of connecting urban areas, and tended to narrow the range of residential guiding areas and to create a multicore urban structure.

Mabi district of Kurashiki City was seriously damaged by flood in 2018. Over 4,000 houses were completely damaged. Questionnaire survey was conducted to study housing recovery behavior of victims in reconstruction of damaged houses after flood. Housing recovery behavior was analyzed whether they applied water-proof countermeasures or not in relation with the knowledge about flood hazard information, acquirement of river improvement construction works and the risk perception towards flood. It was found that only 20% of respondents applied water-proof countermeasures, such as raising level of ground, elevation of foundation in housing reconstruction. It is assumed that one of the reasons is victims risk perception that flood risks will be reduced after the completion of river improvement construction, therefore, they do not need to apply water-proof countermeasures.

The purpose of this study is to estimate how the lifestyles of Tokyo metropolitan area residents have changed under the Covid-19 Pandemic. To achieve the purpose, we plotted trends in real estate land prices in Tokyo Metropolis, Kanagawa Pref., Chiba Pref., and Saitama prefectures by GIS (Geographic Information System), and summerized real estate appraisal comments using text mining tool. The results revealed trends such as the high evaluation of suburban residential areas, increased demand for logistics sites due to the magnification of online commerce, and increased demand for daily living services in the surroundings of residential areas. Future studies are needed such as improvement of the accuracy of text mining, cross analysis with other quantitative indicators of real estate, and continuous observation of its trends over time.

This article focused on a project, financially supported by municipalities, to integrate adjacent lands and promote removal of narrow lands, lands unconnected with roads, and low-used and unused lands. It aimed to clarify achievements, attempts to promote the project, and the actual state of rebuilding after land integration. The results of a questionnaire which surveyed 14 municipalities showed that the necessity for removal or rebuilding in integrating land was related to achievements. To publicize the project, municipalities which didn’t require removal or rebuilding in integrating land cooperated with real estate agents or the Non-Profit Organization. Additionally, municipalities which required removal in integrating land enclosed project presentation with tax bill for removal of empty houses. Out of five parcels of integrated land, four met the minimum site area for rebuilding and in two fireproof buildings were rebuilt.

This study seeks to comprehend the actual state of use and the problem of subsidy systems for flood damage prevention in each residential area which are used as an individual support plan. We conducted a questionnaire survey on the aforementioned subsidy systems in 22 municipalities. We clarified that the subsidy systems are effective at the beginning, but the number of users decreased over time. This is because it is expensive to rebuild and raise the height of a building lot. Municipalities regard the wastewater treatment facilities as drastic measures. These measures need significant time and money. In a flood-assumed area that has never experienced flooding damage, neither municipalities and residents implement measures for flooding risk. Although the residents who use subsidy systems are limited, municipalities should promote these systems to the target that tends to use subsidy systems, such as companies that treat precision instruments.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the consciousness of junior high and high school students toward the city and their daily life behavior in Iwaki city which is wide-area multi-central city. Then it will clarify the conditions of a city where people want to continue to live and the issues of city planning. As a result of a questionnaire survey targeting junior high schools, high schools, and businesses in the city, it was found that they rate the lack of places to do daily shopping and parks and exercise facilities where they can take a break or play ball close by. And we were able to identified the actual use of various facilities and urban areas positioned as hubs in the city, and the relationship between the current evaluation of the city and residential intentions and daily life behavior could be clarified. Therefore, it is necessary to create an environment in which people want to continue to live with attractive places to work and study.

As Japan's population is declining, the shortage of bearers is a serious issue in rural areas. Meanwhile, "regional experience seekers," also known as "more than tourists and less than migrants," have attracted attention in recent years, and were introduced as a policy in 2017. Since then, discussions have been held at various ministries and agencies, and many local governments are currently working to create regional experience seekers. As expectations for the creation of regional experience seekers are rising, this study formalized the information about councils and other bodies of the central government dealing with regional experience seekers, and measures creating regional experience seekers according to the factors hindering involvement with the local community. Thus, it was found that the discussions in seven councils have generally been conducted in conjunction with other ministries and agencies. Moreover, it became clear that there were few concrete efforts reducing the time and physical burden and gaining the understanding of family members and accompanying persons.

The regulation of equipment-duty car-park was revised to be able to apply the local parking rule. However, small buildings are exempt from the obligation, resulting in districts with insufficient parking. This study provides an overview of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government's parking ordinance, organizing the issues of the system by building size. The number of parking spaces was calculated for districts with many small buildings and districts with a mix of large and small buildings. In addition, the parking situation in each district was illustrated. The results revealed that districts with many small buildings may not create enough parking spaces, which cannot be addressed by the current calculation method.

In areas where historical townscapes remain, the number of vacant houses and sites are increasing as the population decline which can create impacts and changes to the scenery. This can also be seen in the town center of Kimiidera Temple in Wakayama, which has a history of 1,250 years, vacant houses and sites are increasing due to the declining population. The aim of the study is to investigate the current situation of vacant houses and vacant sites in the Kimiidera district for landscape conservation with site investigation and map reviews. From the findings, the rate of vacant houses in the area to be at 19.1 percent, which is more than the average rate nationally. These are located and concentrated on the East side of the Nagusa mountain, a place of the famous water.

This study reports on a one-year survey of park user's behavior at Sarue-Onshi Park, conducted as part of a joint research project between Hibiya Amenis Co. and Chiba University. The purpose of this survey was to obtain basic knowledge about the actual use of the park from the behavioral characteristics of park users and to establish a survey methodology. The results revealed that the proportion of users and their behavior differed depending on weekdays, holidays, and seasons, as well as differences in user's behavior by age and in the resources used that contribute to fostering community. In addition, a survey method was implemented that allows park managers to easily identify and analyze user behavior in heavily used urban parks.

As an initial step in exploring how coastal spaces should be like for living with water in an era of climate change, the cross-sectional shape of the coast in five wards of Osaka City facing Osaka Bay was examined. The survey revealed the following characteristics of the coast. (1) Approximately 60% of the coast is occupied by specific uses, making it difficult to assume public access. (2) Of the 40% of the coast where public access could be assumed, about 80% had a vertical surface at the water's edge, about 80% had a free-standing wall or trapezoidal embankment, and about 90% had the same height or lower inside the embankment than the base of the embankment, outside the embankment, or the top of the sloping surface. (3) Although there are 21 combinations of the cross-sectional shapes of the water's edge, embankment, and inside of the embankment, about 50% of the combinations have a vertical waterline, an independent embankment, and the inside of the embankment at the same height or lower. (4) Elements that are assumed to reduce visibility and accessibility from inside to outside of the embankment occupy a considerable portion of the coast. (5) Although the percentage is low, the water's edge other than vertical surfaces is expected to increase the accessibility to water, and flat and sloping surfaces without embankments and the higher insides are assumed to increase the visibility and accessibility from inside the embankments to the outside. From now, it is necessary to research on visibility and accessibility from inside to outside of the embankment, how the cross-sectional shape was formed, its applicability in the restructuring of the coast, and the spatial forms related to water-friendly uses.

In recent years, citizen participation-type landscape creation and awareness-raising activities are gradually accumulating. In particular, the importance of landscape guidelines is increasing not only from the viewpoint of preserving historical landscapes but also from the viewpoint of sharing the history of land use. Based on this background, this paper presents an analysis framework for the process from the extraction of landscape elements to the creation of landscape plans. Specifically, based on a method called machine learning, it is an attempt to apply the framework to landscape education through image search. In particular, this study was verified using machine learning software that has become popular in recent years. As a result, although there are limitations to app development, the image evaluation framework originally envisioned was constructed. In this way, the effectiveness of landscape education was confirmed to some extent. In the future, as image analysis software and application development software become widespread for the general public, this issue is expected to be improved. This time, the framework was applied only to buildings of a university campus, but after this, I would like to consider applying it to the landscape of a village.

In the past, ryotei was closely associated with the lives of Japanese people, not only for banquets but also for weddings, funerals, business meetings, etc. Also, Ryotei is a place where geisha entertain her customer. In recent years, however, the business has been closing down due to changes in lifestyles. On the other hand, Japanese food has been registered as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO, and the value of ryotei has begun to be reevaluated as a place where Japanese traditional culture is comprehensively passed down.The purpose of this study is to clarify the architectural characteristics, such as the year of construction and structure, of about 150 ryotei throughout Japan, as well as their actual operations, such as lunches and weddings.

Central city areas are in decline due to population decline and the concentration of population in metropolitan areas. Nevertheless, revitalizing central city areas remains a challenge for local cities. In this paper, we analyzed the projects implemented in the basic plan and conducted a questionnaire survey. The results show that the central city revitalization system lacks support for soft projects and imposes a heavy administrative burden. Its enhancement would make it easier for local governments to use the system and create a continuous bustling atmosphere.

Currently, “walkable town development” has been explored in many parts of Japan, but concept of “walkable” is so broad that a clear direction has yet to be found. In this paper, I would focus on pedestrian space development projects completed in Urban waterfront area of Yokohama, which has been conscious of pedestrians from early on. Based on pedestrian space concept from viewpoint of design concept, this study aims to identify similar trends in the concept that were emphasized at the time of development. A study was conducted through literature surveys with pedestrian space development projects. Based on these findings, it points out that pedestrian space concept emphasized at different times have changed throughout fifty year period.