Bone marrow transplantation is followed immediately by a significant degree of immunodeficiency with gradual restoration of immune function. The immunodeficiency in bone marrow recipients includes the dysfunctions of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, monocytes, and granulocytes. These dysfunctions contribute to the high risk of infection by viruses, bacteria, and fungi, and to graft-versus-host disease. The mechanisms of immunodeficiency in these patients remain unclear.
This review discusses the immunologic reconstitution after bone marrow transplantation, and the mechanisms for immunodeficiency and graft-versus-host disease.