Cultured human keratinocytes produced melanocyte-stimulating factors which induced cell elongation. Cocultured melanocytes with keratinocytes induced tyrosinase activity by UV-B irradiation, but not UV-A. In human melanocyte pure cultures, IL-1α and bFGF showed stimulating of tyrosinase related protein and tyrosinase activity. These results suggest that IL-1α and bFGF are the melanocyte-stimulating factors released from keratinocytes and they are implicated in hyperpigmentation followed by UV exposure.