Nagasaki ship-building yard, now one of the largest in the world, is also the oldest in Japanese history. The yard was originally founded by the Bakufu and later transfered to Mitsubishi company. The history of the yard shows a typical example of the industrial development of this country. Not only did the Bakufu establish a ship-building yard at Nagasaki for the purpose of repairing warships of her navy, but also there was a strong intention of the Dutch government to make Nagasaki its navy base in the Far Eastern waters. This article makes clear under what conditions of world history Japan's ship-building industry originated and what impact was felt by the introduction and assimilation of western industrial technology.