華族資本の成立・展開 : 明治・大正期の旧土浦藩主土屋家について

抄録

The purpose of this paper is to trace how the TSUCHIYAS former lord of Tsuchiura-han, accumulated wealth in the Meiji and Taisho periods. This will sbow us one example of "peerage capital" accumulation in the period in question. 1) In the stage of the original capital capital accumulation, the TSUCHIYAS set up a commercial company, Mitsuwa-shosha, managed by han Its trading of goods made much loss at first, but from 1889 onwards the company began to make profit. Another undertakings include a farm which was intended for the TSUCHIYA's household to secure steady annual income, and Jugeisha to give employment to former retainers. These laid the foundations of development to follow. 2) In the next period of capitalistic development, a household reform was done: councilors were appointed to regulate the master's arbitrariness. From 1890 on TSUCHIYA Farm contributed to yield profit. Thus they took up the ei-kosakuken(permanent tenancy), the purchasing costs of which made it impossible for the profit to go to the TSUCHIYA's household budget. During this period the amount of wealth increased to 400,000yen. And the TSUCHIYA managed to secure further development through Mitsuwa Bank. 3) In the stage of monopolistic capital, TSUCHIYA Farm transferred its main business from tenant farming to forestry. Mitsuwa Bank also made an expansion remarkable enough to be called a "monopolistic financial organization" for rice and corn trade at Tsuchiura. The feudal connection between the TSUCHIYA and former retainers remained still strong. In 1929 four groups of former retainers were united into Kijokai. 4) The TSUCHIYA's performance connot be compared to the Hosokawas or the Shimazus whose remarkable transformation represented one of the characteristics of per-war capitalism under the Emperor system. Yet the TSUCHIYAS represented one type of peerage capital, that is, what I would call BI-class of small clans: they too could establish a capital accumulation-base on the former domain.