Presenteeism and Risk Management of Early/Delayed Menarche

Abstract

　The loss from “presenteeism,” in which industrial workers display decreased work performance in relation to health problems, is reported to be greater than the loss from medical expenses and absenteeism of workers who take time off because of illness or health problems. Thus, this could be considered a phenomenon in which there is decreased ability to perform tasks while internalizing various health problems derived not from illness but from workplace stress. Such phenomena are thought to be a huge artificial risk to productivity improvements in a company. Women in a company have many mental and physical complaints that derive from physiological phenomena that are unique to women. However, few studies have attempted to clarify the relational composition between female physiological phenomena and health problems in companies. Menstruation is greatly affected by menarche, and early or late menarche has a large effect on later menstrual status. In particular, there are many reports that earlier menarche increases the risk of breast cancer. Thus, management of women’s menstrual health problems would seem to be necessary. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of health problems derived from menstruation, a physiological phenomenon of women, and explored the relational composition with presenteesism.