Pattern formation mechanism in growth of an ice crystal in supercooled water

Wataru SHIMADA; Yoshinori FURUKAWA

doi:10.5331/seppyo.64.249

過冷却水から成長する氷結晶の形態形成機構

島田亙, 古川義純

著者情報

キーワード: 過冷却水, 氷結晶, マッハツェンダー干渉計, 三次元形態, 円盤状結晶, 樹枝状結晶, 形態不安定, 界面キネティックス, 界面張力, 異方性

ジャーナルフリー

2002 年 64 巻 3 号 p. 249-257

DOI https://doi.org/10.5331/seppyo.64.249

詳細

発行日: 2002/05/15 受付日: 2002/03/25 J-STAGE公開日: 2009/08/07 受理日: 2002/04/10 早期公開日: - 改訂日: -
訂正情報
訂正日: 2009/08/07 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 所属機関情報訂正内容: Wrong :
1) Institute of Low Temperature Science Hokkaido Univ.
2) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

Right :
1) Institute of Low Temperature Science Hokkaido Univ.
2) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

訂正日: 2009/08/07 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 引用文献情報訂正内容: Wrong : Arakawa, K. and Higuchi, K., 1952: Studies on the freezing of water (I) . J. Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Univ., Series 2, 4, 201-208.
Bolling, G.F. and Tiller, W.A., 1961: Growth from the melt. III. dendritic growth. J. Applied Physics, 32, 2587-2605.
Coriell, S.R. and Parker, R.L., 1965: Stability of the shape of a solid cylinder growing in a diffusion field. J. Applied Physics, 36, 632-637.
Coriell, S.R. and Hardy, S.C., 1969: Morphology of unstable ice cylinders. J. Applied Physics, 40, 1652-1655.
Fujioka, T. and Sekerka, R.F., 1974: Morphological stability of disk crystals. JCrystal Growth, 24/25, 84-93.
Furukawa, Y. and Shimada, W., 1992: Morphology of the ice crystal grown in supercooled water. Proceedings of International Symposium Physics and Chemistry of Ice, Hokkaido Univ. Press, 299-304.
Furukawa, Y. and Shimada, W., 1993: Three-dimensional pattern formation during growth of ice dendrites-its relation to universal law of dendritic growth. J. Crystal Growth, 128, 234-239.
Nagashima, K. and Furukawa, Y, 1997: Nonequilibrium effect of anisotropic interface kinetics on the directional growth of ice crystals. J. Crystal Growth, 171, 577-585.
Ivantsov, G.P., 1947: Temperature field around a spherical cylindrical and a cicular crystal growing in a supercooled melt. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 58, 567-569.
Langer, J.S. and Müller-Krumbhaar, H., 1977: Stability effects in dendritic crystal growth. J. Crystal Growth, 42, 11-14.
Langer, J.S., Sekerka, R.F. and Fujioka, T., 1978: Evidence for a universal law of dendritic growth rate. J. Crystal Growth, 44, 414-418.
Mullins, W.W. and Sekerka R.F., 1963: Morphological stability of a particle growing by diffusion or heat flow. J. Applied Physics, 34, 323-329.
Shimada, W. and Furukawa, Y., 1997: Pattern formation of ice crystals during free growth in supercooled water. J. Physical Chemistry B, 101, 6171-6173.
Temkin, D.E., 1960: Growth rate of the needle-crystal formed in a supercoled melt. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 132, 1307-1310.
Tirmizi, S.H. and Gill W.N., 1987: Effect of natural convection on growth velocity and morphology of dendritic ice crystals. J. Crystal Growth, 85, 488-502.
Trivedi, R., 1970: Growth of dendritic needles from a supercooled melt. Acta Metallurgica, 18, 287-296.
Yokoyama, E., Sekerka, R.F. and Furukawa, Y., 2000: Growth trajectories of disk crystals of ice growing from supercooled water. J. Physical Chemistry B, 104, 65-67.

Right : Arakawa, K. and Higuchi, K., 1952: Studies on the freezing of water (I) . J. Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Univ., Series 2, 4, 201-208.
Bolling, G.F. and Tiller, W.A., 1961: Growth from the melt. III. dendritic growth. J. Applied Physics, 32, 2587-2605.
Coriell, S.R. and Parker, R.L., 1965: Stability of the shape of a solid cylinder growing in a diffusion field. J. Applied Physics, 36, 632-637.
Coriell, S.R. and Hardy, S.C., 1969: Morphology of unstable ice cylinders. J. Applied Physics, 40, 1652-1655.
Fujioka, T. and Sekerka, R.F., 1974: Morphological stability of disk crystals. JCrystal Growth, 24/25, 84-93.
Furukawa, Y. and Shimada, W., 1992: Morphology of the ice crystal grown in supercooled water. Proceedings of International Symposium Physics and Chemistry of Ice, Hokkaido Univ. Press, 299-304.
Furukawa, Y. and Shimada, W., 1993: Three-dimensional pattern formation during growth of ice dendrites-its relation to universal law of dendritic growth. J. Crystal Growth, 128, 234-239.
Nagashima, K. and Furukawa, Y, 1997: Nonequilibrium effect of anisotropic interface kinetics on the directional growth of ice crystals. J. Crystal Growth, 171, 577-585.
Ivantsov, G.P., 1947: Temperature field around a spherical cylindrical and a cicular crystal growing in a supercooled melt. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 58, 567-569.
Langer, J.S. and Müller-Krumbhaar, H., 1977: Stability effects in dendritic crystal growth. J. Crystal Growth, 42, 11-14.
Langer, J.S., Sekerka, R.F. and Fujioka, T., 1978: Evidence for a universal law of dendritic growth rate. J. Crystal Growth, 44, 414-418.
Mullins, W.W. and Sekerka R.F., 1963: Morphological stability of a particle growing by diffusion or heat flow. J. Applied Physics, 34, 323-329.
Shimada, W. and Furukawa, Y., 1997: Pattern formation of ice crystals during free growth in supercooled water. J. Physical Chemistry B, 101, 6171-6173.
Temkin, D.E., 1960: Growth rate of the needle-crystal formed in a supercoled melt. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 132, 1307-1310.
Tirmizi, S.H. and Gill W.N., 1987: Effect of natural convection on growth velocity and morphology of dendritic ice crystals. J. Crystal Growth, 85, 488-502.
Trivedi, R., 1970: Growth of dendritic needles from a supercooled melt. Acta Metallurgica, 18, 287-296.
Yokoyama, E., Sekerka, R.F. and Furukawa, Y., 2000: Growth trajectories of disk crystals of ice growing from supercooled water. J. Physical Chemistry B, 104, 65-67.

抄録

過冷却水から成長する氷結晶は,最初は薄い円盤状に成長するが,やがて形態不安定を起こし,以後は樹枝状結晶として成長する.これらの氷結晶は厚さが非常に薄いため二次元的に扱われてきたが,現実の結晶は三次元である.そこでマッハツェンダー干渉計を用いて氷結晶の成長を“その場”観察した.得られた干渉縞から三次元的な形態を解析し,また形態不安定発生機構,円盤状・樹枝状の成長機構を調べた.円盤状結晶は二枚の基底面で挟まれており,基底面の成長が「界面キネティクス」によって律速されているのに対し,側面は「熱拡散」で律速されていた.また,形態不安定発生の臨界値は半径ではなく厚みであり,発生する揺らぎも円周上ではなく厚み方向の形状が先に非対称になることがわかった.一方,樹枝状結晶は一枚の平らな基底面と高次の曲面で構成されており,樹枝先端の成長速度は「熱・物質拡散」と「界面張力」を考慮した普遍法則と一致するが,先端曲率半径は一致しなかった.従って,過冷却水から成長する氷結晶の形態を理解するためには,上記の二要素に「界面キネティクス」を加えた三要素すべての考慮が必要であることが明らかになった.

責任著者(Corresponding author)

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