Snow processes in the forested area

Kazuyoshi SUZUKI; Takeshi YAMAZAKI; Takeshi OHTA

doi:10.5331/seppyo.68.589

森林帯での積雪過程

鈴木和良, 山崎剛, 太田岳史

著者情報

キーワード: 森林, 積雪堆積, 融雪, 降雪遮断, 雪面蒸発

ジャーナルフリー

2006 年 68 巻 6 号 p. 589-598

DOI https://doi.org/10.5331/seppyo.68.589

詳細

発行日: 2006/11/25 受付日: 2006/06/12 J-STAGE公開日: 2009/08/07 受理日: 2006/07/14 早期公開日: - 改訂日: -
訂正情報
訂正日: 2009/08/07 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 所属機関情報訂正内容: Wrong :
1) Institute of Observational Research for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
2) Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
3) Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University

Right :
1) Institute of Observational Research for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
2) Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
3) Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University

訂正日: 2009/08/07 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 引用文献情報訂正内容: Wrong : Berris, S.N., and Harr., R. D., 1987: Comparative snow accmulation and melt during rainfall in forested and clear-cut plots in the western cascades of Oregon. Water Resour. Res., 23, 135-142.
Bonan, G. B., Pollard, D. and Thompson, S. L., 1992: Effects of boreal forest vegetation on global climate. Nature, 359, 716-718.
Davis, R. E, Hardy, J. P., Ni, W., Woodcock, C., McKenzie, J. C., Jordan, R. and Li, X., 1997: Variation of snow cover ablation in the boreal forest: A sensitivity study on the effects of conifer canopy. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 29389-29395.
Douville, H. and Royer, J.F., 1996: Influence of the temperate and boreal forests on the Northern Hemisphere climate in the Meteo-France climate model. Climate Dynamics 13, 57-74.
Essery, R., Pomeroy, J., Parviainen, J. and Storck, P., 2003: Sublimation of snow from coniferous forests in climate model. J. Climate, 16, 1855-1864.
Faria, D. A., Pomeroy, J. W. and Essery, R. L. H., 2000: Effect of covariance between ablation and snow water equivalent on depletion of snow-covered area in a forest. Hydrol. Process. 14, 2683-2695.
Hardy, J. P., Davis, R. E, Jordan, R., Li, X., Woodcock, C., Ni, W. and McKenzie, J. C., 1997: Snow ablation modeling at the stand scale in a boreal jack pine forest. J. Geophys. Res., 102,29397-29405.
Hardy, J.P., Melloh, R., Robinson, P. and Jordan, R., 2000: Incorporating effects of forest litter in a snow process model. Hydrol. Process. 14, 3227-3237.
Hedstrom, N. R. and Pomeroy, J. W. 1998: Measurements and modelling of snow interception in the boreal forest. Hydrol. Process., 12, 1611-1625.
Henrie, L.K. and Price. A.G., 1978. Energy balance and snowmelt in a deciduous forest, S.C. Colobeck and M. Ray eds., Modeling of snow cover runoff. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and. Engineering Laboratory, 26-28.
Kobayashi, D., 1987: Snow accumulation on a narrow board. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 13, 239-245.
Lundberg, A. and Halldin, S., 1994: Evaporation of intercepted snow: analysis of governing factors. Water Resour. Res., 30, 2587-2598.
Lundberg, A. and Halldin, S., 2001: Snow interception evaporation. Review of measurement techniques, processes, and models. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 70, 117-133.
Lundberg, A., Nakai, Y., Thunehed, H. and Halldin, S., 2004: Snow accumulation in forests from ground and remote-sensing data. Hydrol. Process., 18, 1941-1955.
Male, D. H. and Granger, R. J., 1981: Snow surface energý exchange. Water Resour. Res., 17, 609-627.
Marsh, P. and Pomeroy, J. W., 1996: Meltwater fluxes at an arctic forest-tundra site. Hydrol. Process., 10, 1383-1400.
Matsumoto, K., Ohta T., Irasawa, M., Nakamura, T., 2003: Climate change and extension of the Ginkgo biloba L. growing season in Japan. Global Change Biology, 9, 1634-1642.
Nakai, Y., Sakamoto, T., Terajima, T., Kitamura, K. and Shirai, T., 1999a: Energy balance above a boreal coniferous forest: a difference in turbulent fluxes between snow-covered and snow-free canopies. Hydrol. Process., 13, 515-529.
Nakai, Y., Sakamoto, T., Terajima, T., Kitamura, K. and Shirai, T., 1999b: The effect of canopy-snow on the energy balance above a coniferous forest. Hydrol. Process., 13, 2371-2382.
Parviainen, J. and Pomeroy, J. W., 2000: Multiplescale modelling of forest snow sublimation: initial findings. Hydrol. Process., 14, 2669-2681.
Pomeroy, J. W., Parviainen, J., Heddtrom, N. and Gray, D. M., 1998: Coupled modelling of forest snow interception and sublimation. Hydrol. Process., 12, 2317-2337.
Roesch, A., Wild, M., Gilgen, H., and Ohmura, A., 2001: A new snow cover fraction parametrization for the ECHAM4 GCM. Climate Dynamics, 17, 933-946.
Schmidt, P. A., 1991: Sublimation of snow interception be an artificial conifer. Agriculture and Forest Meteorology 54, 1-27.
Storck, P., Lettenmaier, D. P. and Bolton, S. M., 2002: Measurement of snow interception and canopy effects on snow accumulation and melt in a mountainous maritime climate, Oregon, United States. Water Resour. Res., 38 (11): 1223, doi: 10.1029/2002 WR001281.
Suzuki, K., Kubota, J., Zhang, Y., Kadota, T., Ohata, T., and Vuglinsky, V., 2006: Snow ablation in an open field and larch forest in the southern mountainous region of eastern Siberia. Hydrol. Sci. J., 51, 265-280.
Suzuki, K. and Ohta, T., 2003: Effect of larch forest density on snow surface energy balance. J. Hydrometeorol., 4, 1181-1193.
Suzuki, K., Ohta, T., Kojima, A. and Hashimoto, T., 1999: Variations in snowmelt energy and energy balance characteristics with larch forest density on Mt Iwate, Japan: Observations and energy balance analyses. Hydrol. Process., 13, 2675-2688.
Tribbeck, M. J., Gurney, R. J., Morris, E. M. and Pearson, D. W. C., 2004: A new Snow-SVAT to simulate the accumulation and ablation of seasonal snow cover beneath a forest canopy. J. Glaciol., 50, 171-182.
Vaganov, E. A., Hughes, M. K., Kirdyanov, A. V., Scheweingruber, F. H. and Silkin, P.P., 1999: Influence of snowfall and melt timing on tree growth insubarctic Eurasia. Nature, 400, 149-151.
Verseghy, D. L., McFarlane, N. A. and Lazare, M., 1993: CLASS-A Canadian land surface scheme for GCMs, II. Vegetation model and coupled runs. Int. J. Climatol., 13, 347-370.
Whitaker, A. C. and Sugiyama, H., 2005: Seasonal snowpack dynamics and runoff in a cool temperate forest: lysimeter experiment in Niigata. Hydrol. Process., 19, 4179-4200.
Woo, M-K. and Giesbrecht, M. A., 2000: Simulation of snowmelt in a subarctic spruce woodland: 1. Tree model, Water Resour. Res., 36, 2275-2285.
Yamazaki, T., 1995: The influence of forests on atmospheric heating during the snowmelt season. J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 511-519.
Yamazaki, T. and Kondo, J., 1992: The snowmelt and heat balance in snow-covered forested areas. J. Appl. Meteorol., 31, 1322-1327.
Yamazaki, T., Yabuki, H. and Ohata, T., 2006: Hydrometeorological effects of intercepted snow at an eastern Siberia taiga forest using a land surface model. (submitted)
Zhang, Y., Suzuki, K., Kadota, T. and Ohata, T., 2004: Sublimation from snow surface in southern mountain taiga of eastern Siberia. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D21103, doi: 10.1029/2003JD003779.

Right : Berris, S.N., and Harr., R. D., 1987: Comparative snow accmulation and melt during rainfall in forested and clear-cut plots in the western cascades of Oregon. Water Resour. Res., 23, 135-142.
Bonan, G. B., Pollard, D. and Thompson, S. L., 1992: Effects of boreal forest vegetation on global climate. Nature, 359, 716-718.
Davis, R. E, Hardy, J. P., Ni, W., Woodcock, C., McKenzie, J. C., Jordan, R. and Li, X., 1997: Variation of snow cover ablation in the boreal forest: A sensitivity study on the effects of conifer canopy. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 29389-29395.
Douville, H. and Royer, J.F., 1996: Influence of the temperate and boreal forests on the Northern Hemisphere climate in the Meteo-France climate model. Climate Dynamics 13, 57-74.
Essery, R., Pomeroy, J., Parviainen, J. and Storck, P., 2003: Sublimation of snow from coniferous forests in climate model. J. Climate, 16, 1855-1864.
Faria, D. A., Pomeroy, J. W. and Essery, R. L. H., 2000: Effect of covariance between ablation and snow water equivalent on depletion of snow-covered area in a forest. Hydrol. Process. 14, 2683-2695.
Hardy, J. P., Davis, R. E, Jordan, R., Li, X., Woodcock, C., Ni, W. and McKenzie, J. C., 1997: Snow ablation modeling at the stand scale in a boreal jack pine forest. J. Geophys. Res., 102,29397-29405.
Hardy, J.P., Melloh, R., Robinson, P. and Jordan, R., 2000: Incorporating effects of forest litter in a snow process model. Hydrol. Process. 14, 3227-3237.
Hedstrom, N. R. and Pomeroy, J. W. 1998: Measurements and modelling of snow interception in the boreal forest. Hydrol. Process., 12, 1611-1625.
Henrie, L.K. and Price. A.G., 1978. Energy balance and snowmelt in a deciduous forest, S.C. Colobeck and M. Ray eds., Modeling of snow cover runoff. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and. Engineering Laboratory, 26-28.
Kobayashi, D., 1987: Snow accumulation on a narrow board. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 13, 239-245.
Lundberg, A. and Halldin, S., 1994: Evaporation of intercepted snow: analysis of governing factors. Water Resour. Res., 30, 2587-2598.
Lundberg, A. and Halldin, S., 2001: Snow interception evaporation. Review of measurement techniques, processes, and models. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 70, 117-133.
Lundberg, A., Nakai, Y., Thunehed, H. and Halldin, S., 2004: Snow accumulation in forests from ground and remote-sensing data. Hydrol. Process., 18, 1941-1955.
Male, D. H. and Granger, R. J., 1981: Snow surface energý exchange. Water Resour. Res., 17, 609-627.
Marsh, P. and Pomeroy, J. W., 1996: Meltwater fluxes at an arctic forest-tundra site. Hydrol. Process., 10, 1383-1400.
Matsumoto, K., Ohta T., Irasawa, M., Nakamura, T., 2003: Climate change and extension of the Ginkgo biloba L. growing season in Japan. Global Change Biology, 9, 1634-1642.
Nakai, Y., Sakamoto, T., Terajima, T., Kitamura, K. and Shirai, T., 1999a: Energy balance above a boreal coniferous forest: a difference in turbulent fluxes between snow-covered and snow-free canopies. Hydrol. Process., 13, 515-529.
Nakai, Y., Sakamoto, T., Terajima, T., Kitamura, K. and Shirai, T., 1999b: The effect of canopy-snow on the energy balance above a coniferous forest. Hydrol. Process., 13, 2371-2382.
Parviainen, J. and Pomeroy, J. W., 2000: Multiplescale modelling of forest snow sublimation: initial findings. Hydrol. Process., 14, 2669-2681.
Pomeroy, J. W., Parviainen, J., Heddtrom, N. and Gray, D. M., 1998: Coupled modelling of forest snow interception and sublimation. Hydrol. Process., 12, 2317-2337.
Roesch, A., Wild, M., Gilgen, H., and Ohmura, A., 2001: A new snow cover fraction parametrization for the ECHAM4 GCM. Climate Dynamics, 17, 933-946.
Schmidt, P. A., 1991: Sublimation of snow interception be an artificial conifer. Agriculture and Forest Meteorology 54, 1-27.
Storck, P., Lettenmaier, D. P. and Bolton, S. M., 2002: Measurement of snow interception and canopy effects on snow accumulation and melt in a mountainous maritime climate, Oregon, United States. Water Resour. Res., 38 (11): 1223, doi: 10.1029/2002 WR001281.
Suzuki, K., Kubota, J., Zhang, Y., Kadota, T., Ohata, T., and Vuglinsky, V., 2006: Snow ablation in an open field and larch forest in the southern mountainous region of eastern Siberia. Hydrol. Sci. J., 51, 265-280.
Suzuki, K. and Ohta, T., 2003: Effect of larch forest density on snow surface energy balance. J. Hydrometeorol., 4, 1181-1193.
Suzuki, K., Ohta, T., Kojima, A. and Hashimoto, T., 1999: Variations in snowmelt energy and energy balance characteristics with larch forest density on Mt Iwate, Japan: Observations and energy balance analyses. Hydrol. Process., 13, 2675-2688.
Tribbeck, M. J., Gurney, R. J., Morris, E. M. and Pearson, D. W. C., 2004: A new Snow-SVAT to simulate the accumulation and ablation of seasonal snow cover beneath a forest canopy. J. Glaciol., 50, 171-182.
Vaganov, E. A., Hughes, M. K., Kirdyanov, A. V., Scheweingruber, F. H. and Silkin, P.P., 1999: Influence of snowfall and melt timing on tree growth insubarctic Eurasia. Nature, 400, 149-151.
Verseghy, D. L., McFarlane, N. A. and Lazare, M., 1993: CLASS-A Canadian land surface scheme for GCMs, II. Vegetation model and coupled runs. Int. J. Climatol., 13, 347-370.
Whitaker, A. C. and Sugiyama, H., 2005: Seasonal snowpack dynamics and runoff in a cool temperate forest: lysimeter experiment in Niigata. Hydrol. Process., 19, 4179-4200.
Woo, M-K. and Giesbrecht, M. A., 2000: Simulation of snowmelt in a subarctic spruce woodland: 1. Tree model, Water Resour. Res., 36, 2275-2285.
Yamazaki, T., 1995: The influence of forests on atmospheric heating during the snowmelt season. J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 511-519.
Yamazaki, T. and Kondo, J., 1992: The snowmelt and heat balance in snow-covered forested areas. J. Appl. Meteorol., 31, 1322-1327.
Yamazaki, T., Yabuki, H. and Ohata, T., 2006: Hydrometeorological effects of intercepted snow at an eastern Siberia taiga forest using a land surface model. (submitted)
Zhang, Y., Suzuki, K., Kadota, T. and Ohata, T., 2004: Sublimation from snow surface in southern mountain taiga of eastern Siberia. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D21103, doi: 10.1029/2003JD003779.

抄録

地球の陸地表面の約3分の1は森林によって覆われており,それらの森林の中でも最も面積が大きな森林帯は熱帯林と北方林である.北方林は季節積雪域に存在することから,雪氷圏と森林帯は相互に強く影響を与えあっており,冬季の北方林は北半球の気温形成に影響を与えている.本総説では,雪氷圏に位置する森林帯の陸面過程,特に積雪の堆積・消失過程に焦点を当て,日本国内の研究を中心にまとめた.

責任著者(Corresponding author)

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