A detection technique of amol-leveled intracellular ATP molecules in one viable cell has been developed. The technique is based on the intracellular ATP, luciferase and luciferine reaction and uses a high sensitive luminometer. One of the important issues was to reduce background signals. We realized that intrinsic fluorescence of the tube is dominant factor of the background signals and could be reduced by shielding the tube against an interior light, sunlight and UV. All experiments were carried out inside a safety cabinet, and then bioluminescence signals of 1-amol ATP molecules and also intracellular ATP molecules in one viable cell. were clearly observed.