障害者に対する支援的態度の規定因の検討

資源分配における公正観の役割

抄録

We conducted two questionnaire-based studies involving university students to investigate how the principles of distributive justice, equity, need, and equality influence attitudes toward individuals with disabilities. Specifically, we examined how individuals' support for two types of supportive measures for disabled people—preferential treatment measures and equality measures—is influenced by the distributive principles. Overall, the two studies consistently demonstrated that individuals who prioritize the need principle, emphasizing the distribution of benefits based on needs, tend to have more supportive attitudes toward disabled individuals. Notably, contrary to our hypothesis, even individuals who highly endorse the need principle reduced support for preferential treatment when they perceived disabled individuals as less competent, reflecting their perspective that individuals with disabilities should receive support when they are competent rather than incompetent. On the other hand, the equity principles, contrary to the hypothesis, did not affect endorsement of preferential measures; instead, they were associated with increased endorsement of equality measures that benefit all individuals. These findings not only highlighted individuals’ perceptions of injustice in supporting the disabled but also revealed potentially effective strategies for garnering support that is more readily accepted by the general population.