清末地方自治制度の導入と地域社会の対応 : 江蘇省川沙県の自治風潮を中心に

抄録

In order to explore the nature of how the local self-government in late Imperial China was implemented, the author analyzes an anti-Self-Government incident that occurred in Chuansha just before the 1911 Revolution and focuses on the change in relationships among interest groups in local society. Part one looks at local society in Chuansha, highlighting government sub-bureaucrats (書吏), gentry, and a lay Buddhist vegetarian sect called Sudang (素党), in order to show that each of interest group played a certain role and that the gentry was not the most prevailing force. Parts two through four examine regulations passed by newly established assemblies, trace the development of the Chuansha incident itself, and analyze the role of the gentry, government sub-bureaucrats, the leaders of Sudang and the common people. It is obvious that the reason for this mass protest cannot be attributed to the gentry's deterioration, an aften quoted cause, but rather to regulations passed by the assemblies related to the abolishment of superstition, elimination of government sub-bureaucrats, and the local self-government tax collection, all of which hurt the interests of local people in one way or another. Unlike most of the studies on local Self-Government in late Imperial China which put emphasis on the attitudes of the local elite toward the state, whether hostile or cooperative, the author maintains that local Self-Government was implemented within traditionally loose relationships between the state and society. By presenting a complex picture of local Self-Government involving all local interest groups, this study also asserts that its implementation destroyed the previous power balance in local society, causing many problems for the local authorities (自治公所).