内裏・太政官一体型政務の成立 : 王朝国家と太政官政治

抄録

In his study of the political structure of the Heian period, Hashimoto Yoshihiko presupposes the existence of the Dajokan太政官 under the guidance of the Fujiwara Regency and the In院. Moreover, recently various related studies have come out which perceive the Dajokan in a state of decline. On the other hand, there is a lot of research concerning the administrative protocol Geki-sei外記政, nansho-moshibumi南所申文, and jin-no-moshibumi陣申文, however, none of this work has attempted to place such administrative affairs within the context of the total political system of the time. When comparing ceremony and administrative affairs depicted in the Gishiki儀式 of the late ninth century with the Saikyuki西宮記 recorded in late tenth century, the former relates ceremony carried out in the Dairi's内裏 Shishiden紫震殿, while the latter records the duties of the Shokei上卿, Ben弁 and Geki外記 in the Jin-no-za陣座, stressing their reports and petitions to the Emperor. During the ninth century, administrative affairs were carried out through a bipolar structure involving the Emperor and the Dajokan, exemplified by Dajokan-Chosei太政官聴政 and Dajokan-so太政官奏. In contrast, from the tenth century on, administrative implementation, consultation and decisionmaking were done through close communication between the Regents and the Emperor through the Kurodo蔵人 and Denjo-ben殿上弁 in the space opened up by the Shokei, Ben and Geki. It was within this form of administration that Geki-sei, nansho-moshibumi, and jin-no-moshibumi became the line of protocol, with affairs of the Jin-no-za being particularly important. In this article, the author refers to "Jin-no-kuji" as administrative protocol in the Jin-no-za other than Jin-no-moshibumi. Through an examination of the Shoyuki小右記 and Shunki春記, he discovers that the role played Ichi-no-Kami一上, the ranking aristocrat in the Dajokan, was of great importance in administrative operations. Not only did he carry out affairs dictated by the Emperor and Regent, but also selected personnel, decided upon their work schedules, and drafted proposals on important affairs that were often implemented on the spot. It seems that the idea of a declining Dajokan from the tenth century on overlooks the unification of the Dairi and Dajokan into a single administrative unit. The latter, centered around the Ichi-no-Kami, continued to hold particular authority within the administrative, authority that could not be easily overruled by imperial politics. Also concerning Shokei, which was involoved in the implementation of ceremonial events, compared to his position as just another aristocrat in the Dajokan of the ninth century bipolar structure, the tenth and eleventh centuries marked a golden age for this administrator.