日本古代における「議」

抄録

In this paper the author examines the diplomatic form known as gi (議) in ancient Japan a topic about which nothing has been written to date. In the first chapter, he introduces gi as it existed in China, and shows that Japanese Emperor Kanmu (桓武) used gi in a moratorium dispute. In the second chapter, he shoes that Chinese gi were replaced with a council system of the Daijokan (太政官) in Japan, when gi which the Chinese ritsu-ryo (律令) system prescribed were adopted in the Japanese ritsu-ryo system, but there were several gi drawn up in the Nara period. In the third chapter, he examines the characteristics of Japanese gi. He finds that (1) a government official in the Heian period referred to gi of the Tang (唐) period ; (2) in the work of Kanke-Bunso (菅家文草), there are two original gi ; and (3) though the Chinese gi were used in important government matters, Japanese gi were almost used for ritual purposes. The fact shows that the Japanese emperor's power was weaker than the Chinese emperor, due to power of the Daijokan being stronger in comparison. In the fourth chapter, he examines that the participants in Japanese gi included scholars, not aristocrats kugyo (公[ギョウ]) or the Fujiwara 藤原 family. The facts show that gi upheld the Japanese emperor's power. In the last chapter, he finds that Japanese gi was absorbed by the diplomatic kanmon (勘文) at the opening tenth century. He suggests the reason for this was that the Tang style was purged from Japanese politics after Emperor Uda's 宇多 reign.