清代台湾移住民社会と童試受験問題

抄録

This paper analyzes the relationship between minren 〓人, who migrated within the same province, and yueren 粤人, who moved across provincial borders, in the context of immigrant society in Taiwan during the Qing period. The author also examines relations between migrants and the Qing dynasty. In 1727, upon the recommendation of Gao Qizhuo 高其倬 Governor-chinese General 総督 of Fujian 福建, the Qing dynasty opened local examinations 童試 only to "native 本地人" that is, those who had settled in Taiwan, and possessed land and houses. However, in 1739, the yueren community challenged this decision, and conse-quently, a new compromise rule was established in 1741. On the one hand, this rule maintained the vested rights of the literary among minren, who constituted a majority in Taiwan. On the other hand, it permitted yueren to take examinations, but excluded them from the guaranteed quota for provincial examinations 郷試 and also allowed them to enter into prefecture schools 府学, but not county schools 県学. The author's analysis of this incident leads to the following conclusions ; (1)although migrants were all from china proper, the Qing dynasty set up a clear, official distinction between minren and yueren as far as local examinations were concerned (2)despite this, the actual distinction was vague between the two groups at the local, unofficial level, even to the extent that the yueren were allowed to take examination designed for the minren ; (3)the Qing dynasty, therefore, allowed local communities to govern themselves with regard to their mutual relations, so long as no serious problems arose ; and finally, (4)while such a policy alleviated the tension between the minren and the yueren, it also helped to divide them for a long time to come.