『尚書』諸篇の成立に関する一考察 : 戦国諸国における同時並行的な成書について

抄録

Within the research done by Matsumoto Masaaki on the development process of the Shang-shu 尚書 (Book of History) during the Warring States period, first, attention is paid to the value placed on the work by Confucian scholars of the early part of that period and their efforts to speed up its development, followed by the altogether different use of the work by other schools of thought during the middle of the period, resulting in what turned out to be a number of different versions. While the author of this article agrees with much of Matsumoto's research, on the above point about how the work developed, doubts must now be raised in light of the recent bibliographical research done on works from the pre-Qin Dynasty period. That is to say, it has become necessary to re-explain the wide discrepancies between the quotations from the Shang-shu and those from other works appearing in Meng-zi 孟子. After comparing the characteristics of the works quoted by Meng-zi with those of the works quoted in Zuo-zhuan 左伝, the author proposes that the trends indicative of the Meng-zi quotations were influenced by the fact the Mencius both studied and was active in the kingdom of Zi 斉. Also, regarding the "Yao-Dian" 堯典, the annals of Emperor Yao 帝 and his successor Shun 舜, the author is of the opinion that a school of thought completely different from the Meng-zi tradition wrote the text concerning the legend of how the succession took place, and while Mencius of course refers to the intellectual gap here, he does not accept it. In other words, during his lifetime, Mencius was only on part of the effort by the state and academia to compile the Shang-shu, resulting in differences not only with regard to the date of compilation, but also of a regional nature, which gave rise to the intellectual diversity found in the work. Therefore when studying the developmental process of the Shang-shu, it is necessary to not only follow that process through the early and middle Warring States Period, as argued by Matsumoto, but also to continue through to the end of the Period in order to trace all of its origins.