バルセロナ伯領における征服と支配構造の形成 : 一二-一三世紀タラゴーナの事例から

抄録

In recent years researchers have stressed the idea that the territory which was recaptured from Islamic forces in Catalonia was divided up among autonomous lords, especially ecclesiastical proprietors, independent of the authority of the territory's ruler, the Count of Barcelona. However, this research tends to focus on the movements of the lords, without any attempt to follow the movements of the Count. This article attempts to clarify the political agenda adopted by the Count towards the recaptured territory and what it brought about. In concrete terms, the author chooses to analyze the recapture and following 100-year ruling structure of Tarragona, a large city recaptured early on in the Reconquista and governed jointly by the Count and the city's archbishop, the most powerful ecclesiastical lord in the region. In Tarragona, because the Count of Barcelona was able to accomplish its reconquest only under the auspices of the city's archbishop, the count became the archbishop's vassal and together they formed a unique system for governing the city and its surrounding territory. Nevertheless, according to contemporary sources, such a system was advantageous to the Count in maintaining and strengthening his own political agenda. In the first place, in his efforts to repopulate the region around Tarragona, the Count often times proactively bestowed privileges on the city's archdiocese to gain its cooperation in the colonization project. Secondly, the Archbishop of Tarragona played an important complementary role in settling disputes and maintaining law and order in the reconquered territory. Given such a backdrop, the Count, unable to monopolize the management of the reconquered territory, was still able to influence who would be named Archbishop. It was in this way that the authority of the Archbishop as a feudal lord was confirmed within the framework of the Count's own political agenda. However, due to fiscal difficulties, the Count's relations with the Pope in Rome and the influence of Albigensian Crusaders, the Archbishopric of Tarragona was eventually able to strengthen its autonomy from the Count. The author concludes that in Tarragona the political aims of the Count of Barcelona to take advantage of the city's archbishopric in governing the region ultimately enabled the archdiocese to establish itself as a feudal power.