居留民団法の制定過程と中国の日本居留地 : 天津日本専管居留地を中心に

抄録

The present article is an attempt to clarify the actual situation involving Japan's legal authority within Japanese settlements in China and characteristic features of the Japanese government's policies regarding them through a description of the actual processes involved in the construction of Japanese settlements in China and the formation of institutions regarding them. The establishment of Japanese settlements and related institutions in China following the 1st Sino-Japanese War marked the start of involvement by the Japanese government in their administration. Although the research to date on the subject has regarded Japanese settlements in China and Korea as basically similar, in terms of their international environments, the process of transforming Korea into a Japanese protectorate following the conclusion of the 1904 Japan-Korea Protocol lies in stark contrast to China, which was under unequal treaties signed with several world powers. Here the author focuses on the Settlement Corporations Law (居留民団法) of 1905, which laid the legal basis for the administration system in Japanese settlements in China and Korea, in an attempt to compare how the Law was implemented in each country. The analysis shows that in the case of China, the belated establishment of Japanese settlements had to be implemented by adjusting to the existing interrelationships involving other foreign governments, foreign concessions and local residents.