唐宋時代における華南少数民族の動向 : 左・右江流域を中心に

抄録

The present writer intends to study, in this article, the history of the ethnic groups in the Zuo-You Jiang valleys of Guangxi during the Tang and Song periods. Especially he is to make survey of following problems ; (1)The interrelationship among the above ethnic groups. (2)The form of their agriculture and trade as the means to get their livelihood. (3)The social structure of each ethnic group. Following points are made clear through investigation and examination of the historical materials ; (1)In the above area, several powerful 'tribes', Xiyuan Man Huang-shi 西原蛮黄氏, Guangyuan-zhou Man Nung-shi 広源州蛮濃氏, Jietong Huang-shi 結洞黄氏, Tian-zhou Huang-shi 田州黄氏, Anping-zhou Li-shi 安平州李氏, Siming-zhou Huang-shi 思明州黄氏, Youjiang Cen-shi 右江岑氏 etc, spread their political influence by conquring comparably weak and 'primitive tribes by sword, and by organizing 'intertribal alliance', and formed regional blocks. (2)A main factor that made them possible to construct the regional blocks can be understood to be their influential economic power achieved through the change of living forms mentioned below ; (i)the introduction and the prevalance of paddy cultivation, and of settlement field farming in those areas enabled with the migration of the tribes from hill land to lower land, and improvement in agricultural techniques, such as the adoption of the cattle plow and the spread of new rice breedings. (ii)the development of trade between China and Vietnam, and between China and Yunnan accmpanied by construction of traffic network. The chieves of powerful tribes who controlled the main routs could get much profits through the transit trade particularly after the revolt of Nung Zhigao 濃智高 in the middle of the 11th century, the era of Northern Song 北宋. (3)As the result of the above mentioned (i) and (ii) the class structure came into existence in the tribal societies, which can be found in the materials in, at the latest, the latter part of 12th century, at the reign of Xiao Zong 孝宗, the era of Southern Song 南宋.