2025 年 75 巻 2 号 p. 79-112
This one year from September 2024 to August 2025 was characterized by high temperatures, wild fires, and heavy floods similar to or more than the preceding years. Even if most people realize the global warming, we should continue the exploration of mineral and energy resources to secure them. Though COVID-19 cases are not going down still, the economics have backed to normal activities. Some fruitful results have been reported accordingly in the exploration fields: 1) the Naoshima smelter received first concentrates from the Mantoverde mine opened last year, 2) the Onshore Block 4 in Abu Dabi proceeded the exploration stage to the development stage, the production from Rang Dong and Phuong Dong oil fields recorded totally 2500 Mbbl with no lost time accident over 20 years, and gas production was commenced from the Angore gas field in Papua New Guinea, 3) many projects have also started in the decarbonization of metal and oil-gas world, but some anti-decarbonization trends appear such as return to fossil fuel.