胡林翼幕府における張裕釗書法の形成

―咸豊年間の書簡を中心として―

抄録

Zhang Yuzhao 張裕釗 was a man of letters and calligrapher of the late Qing who was counted among the four great disciples of Zeng Guofan 曽国藩. In previous research little attention has been paid to details of his activities during the Xianfeng 咸豊 reign (1851–61). In this article, I examine what sort of influences his calligraphy came under during this time.

  In section 1 (“Zhang Yuzhaoʼs Family Learning and His Calligraphic Style during His Youth”), I show how Zhang Yuzhao inherited his familyʼs traditions of learning and how his writing of the small regular script (xiaokai 小楷 ) during his early years was based on the regular script of the Tang period. In section 2 (“Zhang Yuzhaoʼs Calligraphy Immediately Prior to His Joining a Private Secretariat”), I show how in his letters to his friend Fan Zhikang 范志熙 Zhang employed a style abounding in strokes of varying thickness, like those of Mi Fu 米芾. In section 3 (“Studying under Zeng Guofan and Joining Hu Linyiʼs Private Secretariat”), I show how Zhang associated with men of letters belonging to the private secretariat (mufu 幕府) of Hu Linyi 胡林翼. In section 4 (“Bureaucrats of the Private Secretariat”), I show how, through his association with Hu Linyi and Wang Shiduo 汪士鐸, Zhang came under the influence of a view of calligraphy centred on the Two Wangs (Wang Xizhi 王羲之 and his son Wang Xianshi 王献之) and the regular script of the Tang. In section 5 (“A Comparison of Zhang Yuzhaoʼs Calligraphic Style during the Xiangfeng and Tongzhi Reigns”), I clarify changes in Zhangʼs calligraphic style from the Xiangfeng reign to the Tongzhi 同治 reign.

  On the basis of the above, it may be assumed that the formation of Zhang Yuzhaoʼs calligraphic style was influenced to a considerable degree by his association with Hu Linyi and Wang Shiduo in the formerʼs private secretariat. An examination of handwritten material reveals evidence of the style of Tang-period inscriptions and the Two Wangs in his letters to Zeng Guofan, while in his letters to Fan Zhikang the style of Wang Xizhi and Mi Fu can be observed. Judging from these developments, it would seem that during the Xianfeng reign a view of calligraphy attaching importance to the Two Wangs and the regular script of the Tang can be seen in Zhangʼs calligraphy when he was attached to Hu Linyiʼs private secretariat, but during the Tongzhi reign this imitative stance quickly disappeared and his calligraphy came to show the influence of the calligraphic styles of Zeng Guofan and Mo Youzhi 莫友芝.