政治的言説の理論

【ハートとネグリにおける預言概念】

抄録

  In this paper, I examine Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri’s notion of “prophecy/revelation.” In the section entitled “Political Manifesto” in Empire (2000), they discussed the relationship between political practice and political discourse; and their question was what kind of discourse would be adequate to organize the insurgent subject. Unlike Louis Althusser who regarded Machiavelli’s Prince as the model of such political discourse, Hardt and Negri asserted that “a manifesto, a political discourse, should aspire to fulfill a Spinozist prophetic function.” This enigmatic notion, “prophetic function,” implies the role of the Hebrew prophecy which was analyzed in Spinoza’s Theologico-political Treatise. In order to understand Hardt and Negri’s theory of political discourse, I clarify the notion of “prophecy” or “revelation” in them.

  The first section explores the manner in which Hardt and Negri discuss “prophecy” in their joint works. The second section clarifies the notion of “prophecy/revelation” in Negri’s first work on Spinoza, The Savage Anomaly (1981). The third section examines Hardt’s interpretation of Spinoza. In his work on Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy, Gilles Deleuze (1993), Hardt analyzed Spinoza’s theory of knowledge, and discussed the notion of “revelation.” These three sections demonstrate the difference between Hardt’s notion of “prophecy/revelation” and Negri’s. Finally, this paper indicates that this productive tension between them has formed their theory of political discourse.