The main question of this article is whether joint actions between human and nonhuman agents enhance their performance and enable the emergence of joint agency. The findings of behavioral and physiological responses on virtual characters and robots, and the findings on joint actions between humans and robots, based on cognitive models, suggest that the interaction between human and nonhuman agents with goal sharing, action synchronicity, and online interaction could elicit a phenomenon that is similar to that seen in interactions between humans. In a future society in which humans and nonhuman agents live together, it is necessary to investigate how to design their interactions appropriately to contribute to the emergence of wisdom in the society.
