抄録
The concept of welfare pluralism proposed in the U.K. was introduced in Japan with the framework of the small government theory. According to the concept of welfare pluralism, non-profit organizations have an important role. However, the self-help activities（self-help groups, self-help organizations and self-help“Kontaktstellen(clearinghouses)”）that belong to the non-profit sector have the extreme risks. That is, on the one hand the self-help activities are not supported by professionals, but on the other hand they are controlled by professionals in case of cooperation.
This paper analyzes the development of self-help support by the public medical insurance in Germany and thereby is to clarify the rules that activate the self-help activities. Consequently, that rules have four elements: the support of the entire structures (including advocacy) of self-help, the competition under the solidarity principle, the guarantee of the participation and the response to the exclusion from the institution. The network of self-help from 1970s has contributed greatly to the development of this rule.
https://ror.org/05xc0dy80 
