論文
都市コミュニティの基本構造（一）
他人性と共同性のアンビバレンス
1981 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 1-23,122
詳細
1981 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 1-23,122
In this article we develop a general model, for explaining the social characteristics of an urban "community. Some of the propositions comprising it can be supported by a considerable body of available reseach materials; others may be accepted as hypotneses for which a certain amount of presumptive evidence exists.
By the term "community" we mean that aspect of concrete social collectivity which is predominantly referable to common ties of people as a focus for social integration, we also present a theoretical reformulation of the sociological approach to urban society after examining the theory of urbanism and relate it to the theory of urban socio-structure. Then we call attention to the peculiar characteristics of the urban society as a particular form of humaman association. After examining the theory of urbanism as a way of life we select the four main elements of urbanism which mark it as a distinctive mode of urban social relations ; these are (1) indifference to others (2) over-sensitivity (3) utilitarian emphasis and (4) the autonomous attitude which urbanities manifest in their relationship, even within the neighborhood.
Then we infer that these elements will assume their most characteristics and extreme form to the extent to which the socio-structural conditions in the city with which it is congruent are present. It should be recognized, however, that community or "communityness" emerging in urban conditions may be actualized and continued for reason other than those that naturally brought the urban mode of life into existence, that accordingly an urban community may be perpetuated under conditions quite foreign to those necessary for the for the origins of urban life.
Our discussion focuses on those conditions which are likely to produce "communityness" in an urban society characterized by internally atomized contact or "strangerness". Then we examine the theoretical implications of a process in which the continuing human association of urbanities depends on the net balance of two ambivalent charcteristics-"strangerness" and "communityness".
