交流の共同体と合一の共同体

パタイユとジラールの供犠論の比較から

抄録

In the concept of community, two different images seem to exist; image of the community which could be established only by the stability of social order, and image of the community which could be generated beyond the social order. This problem is obvious especially in the religious experiences in the festival. It is these experiences that lie in the core of the community and give it the basis. These experiences, however, are not all the same. So first of all, we distinguish two kinds of religious experience by K.Sakuta's concepts of " Youkai experience" and "Kakudai experience", and then we examine two sacrifice theories of Bataille and Girard. Each sacrifice theory shows us the process in which sacrificers have two different kinds of religious experiences. We compare two sacrifice theories in order to bring out two images of community in full relief. We also argue that the fastival has two tendencies; one goes toward a unity of the group members, the other toward a unity of all the existences. In the end, we would like to present two possibilities of community, that is, community as communion, and community as communication.