Ａ・シュッツの多元的「構成」論

Aufbau, Konstitution, Konstruktion

抄録

 This paper aims to clarify the multiplicity of constructions of the social world and social sciences argued in Alfred Schutz’s Der sinnhafte Aufbau der sozialen Welt (1932),where Schutz has argued the “meaning structure of the social world”, “constitutivephenomenology of natural attitude”, and “constructs of second degree”. In thesephrases, reduced to Schutz’s German terms, there are three concepts related tothe construction of the social world and social sciences: Aufbau, Konstitution andKonstruktion. To interpret each concept adequately, this paper also refers to theconcepts of Wilhelm Dilthey, Edmund Husserl and Max Weber.
 In summary, this paper shows the following: Aufbau indicates the multi-phasedstructure (composed of meaning and personalities) and structurizing of thesocial world; Konstitution shows the primary relationship between consciousness (and experiences in it) and meaning, between meaning and action; Konstruktionsignifies the abstract and scientific concepts in social sciences (Idealtypus) and theirformation. Moreover, Schutz emphasizes that actors in everyday life themselvesuses such an abstract Konstruktion, and therefore Schutz postulates that thoseconstructs are included in Konstitution of meaning in actors themselves, and, on theother hand, that social scientists can approach to Konstitution of meaning in actorsonly through the former Konstruktion about the latter Konstruktion, constructs of constructs, that is, constructs of second degree. In this way Schutz sees, in the relationship of the multiple constructions, in other words, in the connection between Constitution and Konstruktion, the characteristic of the meaning Aufbau of social sciences and their object: that is, the social world.