サッカー指導者の効果的なリーダーシップ行動
－PM理論を援用した検討－

抄録

    The purpose of this study was to clarify the effective leadership behavior of coaches in collegiate football clubs. Especially, the study investigated what leadership behaviors were effective for football players by examining the relationships between the Perceived Coaching Effectiveness (PCE) and the differences in coachs’ leadership behavior recognized by players. Participants were 648 collegiate football players participating in the Kyushu Collegiate Football League 1st Division, and 2nd Division.
    At first, the study developed a PM leadership scale for sports, and then it examined the reliability and the factorial validity by Cronbach’ s alpha and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). As a result, the scale was confirmed to have enough validity and reliability.
    Second, we examined the relationship between leadership behavior and PCE for each feature. For that purpose, leadership behavior was classified based on the average of P-function and M-function into four leadership types. A two-factor ANOVA was carried out with the dependent variable of PCE (whole PCE, Motivation PCE, Game Strategy PCE, Technique PCE, Character Building PCE) and with independent variables of the leadership behavior types and players features (position within the team, belonging league, school grade). The results indicated that PM type leadership behavior was the highest PCE in all cases. Also, in the results of the players’ grades and positions within the teams, there were no differences. On the other hand, there was a difference in the relationship between the leadership type and PCE in regard to the leagues to which the players belonged. Therefore, this study suggested that coaches need to have leadership behavior that is suited to players’ competition level.