地域学研究
Online ISSN : 1880-6465
Print ISSN : 0287-6256
ISSN-L : 0287-6256
論文
開放経済と閉鎖経済における環境税の有効性
大野 正久
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ジャーナル フリー

2014 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 167-180

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Presently, most people consume not only domestic products but also imported goods. Such consumption of tradable goods has become extremely widespread. Consequently, international trade has developed to an astounding degree. The steady expansion of international trade has led researchers to become more engaged with corresponding difficulties such as free trade problems associated with the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Simultaneously, global warming, in particular, the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) by developing countries, constitutes a daunting problem. The GHG emissions from one country affect not only that country but also neighboring countries. Similarly, the production of goods for export increases pollution in exporting and importing countries because citizens consuming imported goods are exposed to trans-boundary air pollution caused by the GHGs emitted during production processes by firms in the exporting country. Therefore, the occurrence of trans-boundary air pollution caused by international trade is an extremely important issue from the perspective of environmental economics.
Focusing on the introduction of environmental taxes and consumption of tradable goods under transboundary pollution, this paper presents analyses of differences related to decisions on environmental taxes in individual countries, with a comparison of cases with and without consumption of tradable goods.
This paper presents the following results. Comparison of environmental taxes with and without consumption of tradable goods reveals that when the degree of transboundary pollution is small (large), the environmental tax rate chosen under open economies is higher (lower) than that decided under closed economies. Next, we compare social welfare with and without consumption of tradable goods. The welfare level is always greater under the closed economies for any degree of transboundary pollution.

JEL Classification: H23, H71, Q53, Q58

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