アクセシビリティ評価の規定要因に関する実証研究
1990 年 21 巻 1 号 p. 175-197
詳細
1990 年 21 巻 1 号 p. 175-197
Accessibility has been treated in two kinds of expression. The one is as an intermediate variable in location analysis expressed by potential concept. The other is such travel friction as time distance or air distance. The latter type has been often utilized in evaluation of accessibility. To clarify the determining factors of accessibility evaluation is inevitable for urban environmental planning as urban enviromental quality depends on how the people evaluate their environment.
A case study was conducted in Utsunomiya city. Utsunomiya is an independent city located in the northern part of Kanto Plain with population of 420, 000. A citizens' opinions survey on the evaluation of their residential environments was conducted. The evaluation system is composed of two major areas of neighborhood environmental quality and accessibility. Each area has three stages hierarchy structure. The evaluation items at the bottom level are the base of the analysis. About 7, 000 samples were collected by the collaboration with the Utsunomiya city government.
This great number of samples made it possible to scrutinize the determining factors of accessibility evaluation. Evaluation functions of 22 different travel purposes were determined by using the survey data. The independent variables of the functions are the evaluation of accessibility of traveling purposes and explanation variables are traveling time. The following four points were concluded from the analysis.
Firstly, it was clarified that many kinds of accessibility evaluation by residents are explained very well by traveling time. These are travels for daily activities and cultural activities.
But, secondly, the accessibilities of such activities as taking a walk are not explained well by traveling time. The meanings of accessibilities of this kind of activities are different from others.
Thirdly, the difference of activity frequency influence the evalution of accessibility. The activities with comparatively high selectivity showed that the people who frequently do such activities as visiting parks, water fronts or museums evaluate the accessibility higher than those with less frequency in such activities.
Finally, major personal attributes influencing the accessibility evaluation were found through the analysis stratified by personal attributes. These are age, occupation, duration of living in the place, environmental experience in youger age, will of settling in present place, etc.
