独占的土地市場における土地税制の動学分析

抄録

A dynamic model of the monopolistic land markets in the monocentric city is presented which are differentiated from each other by the certain location charactristics. The dynamic and spatial impacts affected by the taxes on the land markets will be analysed by the numerical simulation.
We assumed the land market dominance relation among the landowners. The land having inferior characteristics must be sold at a lower price than the superior. The location characteristics are measured in terms of the distance to the city center. The landowner is, therefore, the dominator to those who have outer districts than his. There exists only one landowner on each land market. He is a discriminating monopolist of the first degree in Pigou's sense. The income of household is a random variable, and has a certain discrete probability distribution. The demand price curve faced with by the landowners at each period is derived by discounting and aggregating the bid rents by the households (who have not yet possessed land till that period in Case 2). For simplicity, it is assumed that the disposal by the landowner is only selling. The reserved land is used for, e. g., rural use and the revenues are determinate, and stable over time.
We assume a system of transfer taxes which, in effect, completely or at least almost disposses profits yielded by brokage. The assumption implies no land broker since he needs to pay opportunity costs of the funds. Furthermore, we assume it to cost prohibitively to make a lot with no housing on it. The last two assumptions imply that land is economically non-transferable over time. The landowner must pay transfer tax on the sale of land. He also pays revenue tax if the reserved land is used on rural uses. At each period, the landowner heuristically makes a program for a stream of sales and uses in the future so as to maximize the present value of the tracts of land which have been reserved till that period. The present value depends on the discount rate, revenues of the rural use, the demand price curve which is statically forecasted by himself, and the taxes. He actually executes the first period of each program.
Simulation results will be shown, and the impacts of the land property tax are compared with those which are obtained under the assumption that the demand price curve is given, and stable over time (Higano [4]).