都市交通システム管理のための最適費用配分の検討

抄録

The progress of motorization has realized urban transport system which depends heavily on automobile use. The excessive inclination to the automobile demand has caused the various social problems that originate the external diseconomies from automobile use. To sustainable urban transport system under the recent circumstance which has been limited by social restrictions as time passes, new public transport systems have been introduced to transfer automobile traffic demand. The social cost caused by travel using public transport is lower than using automobile. The purposes of introducing those new public transits are decreasing total social cost of urban transport system. However, most public transport agencies such as bus and transit companies go wrong in urban area. The public transport agency couldn't bear the huge investment cost to match automobile with respect to urban transport services. Much more the investment cost to reduce social external cost arising from automobile use cannot be born by public transit agency single-handedly. Furthermore, it would not be reasonable in the point of efficiency.
Miyagi et al. (1992) and Miyagi and Suzuki (1996) examine the cost allocation of new transit system between urban transport users to improve efficiency of urban transport system as the second best pricing problems for urban railway system competitive with automobiles.
In this study we apply second best pricing model restricted by multi modal network equilibrium to real scale urban transport network system and examine the burdening introducing cost of guide way bus system aiming at reduction of discharge gases arising urban transport system with automobile users. The results of applying to urban transport system in Gif u city leads to the following conclusions. The effects of introducing guide-way bus system are limited in this city because its urban transport system is inclined automobile extremely. On the other hand imposing fare on automobile use is available. Therefore imposing on automobile use and introducing guide way bus system should be enforced simultaneously. Furthermore if the public transport agency which operates guide way bus system were subsidized from the source of revenue collecting automobile fare, substitutable transport mode could be prepared for automobile users economically. As a result this related combination policy is the most effective way to transfer urban transport users from automobile to public transport.