2 イタリアにおける移民労働者と家事・介護労働 : 2002年の正規化施策以降の展開(III 投稿論文)

抄録

This paper suggests that the important factors in considering the feminization of domestic care services in Italy due to the cultural, political, and economic aspects of certain East European and Balkan countries. In Italy, the growing numbers of irregular migrants and the labor market for such people have posed serious problems, especially since the late 1980s. After the mid-1990s, however, only a few researchers have pointed out the significant increase in irregular migrant workers performing domestic and care work since the true state of affairs regarding irregular or illegal migrant workers had not been visible from formal statistics. In 2002, the Bossi-Fini Law that was mainly intended to restrict illegal migration by approved by the government (no. 189 enacted on 30 July 2002). This law specifically establishes the fifth regularization program for illegal migrants. About 700,000 applications were received under this regularization program, although only 150,000 illegal migrants were identified that same year. Of these applications, 341,100 were from domestic and care workers, and 361,000 from other wage earners. This program has regularized more than 630,000 illegal migrants, with 43.5% coming from three East European and Balkan countries (Rumania, Ukraine, and Albania). After this regularization program was implemented, there has been a trend toward "Feminization" and "Ethnicization" in the Italian labor market. Regarding domestic and care migrant workers in Italy, it can be said that the ethnicization caused by the enormous influx of illegal female migrant workers from East European and Balkan countries has also had a significant impact on the feminization of domestic care services.