1 ジェンダー視角から見た全電通「育児休職」協約化の成立過程 : 1960年代の〈家族的責任〉と女性労働(III 投稿論文)

抄録

There has been much discussion regarding the measures required to disseminate child-care leave or family leave in the workplace, and correct gender disparities found in its application. However, "corporate climate," which has been pointed out as a barrier to said objectives, has not been analyzed with sufficient attention given to the dynamics that constitute it in the workplace. More importantly, it is a fact that the multi-layered gender issue that is both institutionally and historically embedded in child-care leave in Japan has yet to be scrutinized. This paper describes the bargaining process of the child-care leave contract negotiated by the Japan Telecommunications Workers' Union (in 1965), representing the initial case of child-care leave in Japan. This momentous case has not been studied independently, even though it is referred to as the pioneering work-family challenge. Thus, with little known about its actual process, the background of this contract is perceived simply as a response to the needs of working women who numbers rapidly increased in 1960s. This perception is based only on the domestic gender division of labor. With the main focus being on the forepart of the process or earlier discussions within the union, and with attention given to the gender dynamics among members of the workplace, this paper presents the following arguments. First, the concept and design of policy were devised from the idea of job security for telephone operators as a measure taken by the labor side to counter restructuring and technological innovations. Secondly, what constituted "family responsibilities" arose from motherhood ideology based on the modern family model that proliferated in the 1960s. Accordingly, the issue of leave itself has developed to include gender constraints within its application.