Abstract
By using cryo-TEM, we have determined the conformation of receptors and ion channels in thin ice under vacuum. For the observation in water, SEM system was improved to develop the atomospheric SEM (ASEM). ASEM allows us to observe samples within 2-3 μm in depth. The resolution near SiN film was 8 nm. We have directly observed fixed cells and tissues in aqueous liquid by using ASEM. We are aiming further understandings of targets using both techniques.