Latrine Development in Thailand

Abstract

Millions of people in developing countries are still using open spaces for defecation. Such practice often leads to the spread of infectious diseases and risk of death. Despite much effort to change this unsanitary practice by governments and international agencies, challenges remain in many parts of the developing world today. Although there is no one model for latrine development that fits all, lessons from successful cases can be learned by countries currently striving to increase latrine coverage. This study focuses on how a developing country such as Thailand has come to succeed in latrine development. The analysis is based on documentary data supplemented with interviews of purposively selected key informants. Results of the analysis reveal that the success of latrine development in Thailand is facilitated by a number of key factors including: (1) Strong policies through which resources, man power and materials needed for latrine development can be provided; (2) Integration of latrine development into the overall health and sanitation development process, which makes the campaign meaningful among the target people; (3) Appropriate approach and strategies for implementing the project; (4) Adequate health facilities needed for effective execution of latrine development; and (5) The people’s willingness to participate as a result of changing knowledge and attitude about the health benefits of using latrines. With the goal of universal latrine coverage achieved, Thailand is now moving forward to improve latrine quality in all sectors and the proper management of fecal sludge. Based on Thailand’s experience some recommendations are provided for countries currently striving to achieve universal latrine coverage.