東北における出稼農家分布の変化とその要因

抄録

Since 1960, the number of migratory farmers increased sharply with the high economic growth in Japan. Tohoku District was the largest supply region of them and occupied about 60% of the total migratory farmers. In this article, the author analyzes the changes in the farmer migration and its factors in Tohoku District in the periods of the 1960's.
(1) In 1960, the ratio of farmer migrants was only 3.6% of the total farm households. The distribution of high ratio regions above 20.1% were scattered in Tohoku District (Fig. 1-A).
(2) In 1965, the ratio increased widely in the district and registered even above 50.1% in some municipalities (Fig. 1-B).
(3) In 1970, the municipalities in Tohoku District differentiated into two groups in ratio change; one group showing high value with increased ratio and the other showing low value with decreased ratio. The high municipalities were located in the areas of the high ratio in 1965, except Kunohe County in Iwate Prefecture (Fig. 1-C).
(4) In the first half of the 1960's, the supply region of the farmer migrants expanded evenly, and in the latter half the high ratio area concentrated in several regions in the district.
Upon to this time, agricultural factors such as the ratio of part-time farmers, the ratio of farmers with acreage of 3 tan, the ratio of paddy field to all fields have stated as the chief reasons of the farmer migration as a result of correlation analysis between them.
The author tried to analyze these factors in Tohoku by the same method and found that no correlation exists between the above mentioned factors and farmer migration in the 1960's. The non-agricultural factors are also important for farmer migration. For instance, the area decreased in the ratio of farmer migrants in the latter half of the 1960's because the farmers increasingly found seasonal employment as coolies and day laborers.
Therefore, the author believes that opportunities for employment in neighboring area was one of the important factors of farmer migration.