特定企業による土地所有の土地利用変化への影響

苫小牧市における事例研究

抄録

Oji Paper Mill is one of the largest paper factories in the world, and the factory has exerted a significant influence, not only on economic structure but also on urban land use of Tomakomai city where it is situated. In this paper the author tries to clear up the close connection between the enlargement of the site for the paper mill and the land use in central zone of Tomakomai. It may be consequently said that land holding by the company is a key factor in explaining the development of urban land use in the city. The following are the outline of how the patterns of the urban land use have been developed with the change of the site for the company.
1) Pre-war period: The site for the company increased under the Act for the Disposal of Uncultivated State Land in Hokkaido, and in 1931 it covered an area of 1, 130ha. Looking into the land use, the site for the company's houses was set in the immediate vicinity of the factory. The number of the houses for the company employees gradually increased around the central part of the city, amounting to 23% of total households in the city in 1930. Fig. 1 shows that distribution of the urban functions was confined to the western part of the land between the factory site and the national road.
2) 1946-1965: In 1950 the company had over 4, 000 workers, and it enlarged the site for its houses. Then the municipal office moved to the southern area, followed by other public institutions, such as the police station, the taxation office which had been located in the western part of the city (Fig. 7). Thus the southern part began to be characterized as an administrative function. Banks and firms were relocated on Station Avenue, while the remaining part of the central zone was mostly dominated by the company residences and its welfare facilities.
3) since 1966: The land on the north of the national road was converted into firm and residential uses in this stage. The renewal planning of the city was also enforced, with the result that 31.4% of all the establishments in this area have been located here since 1976, and especially more than half of the banks and insurance companies in this city are in operation now in this area. Supermarkets have been located in this area in accordance with the renewal planning, and the center of retail activities is moving to the close vicinity of the station. The comparison between Figs. 1 and 5 shows that Oji Paper Mill still owns the land with high assests value in the central zone, though its total estate has diminished in area.