山間居住に於ける1,2の気候景観

岩手県和賀川上流の例

抄録

The Waga River is a branch of the Kitami River, and the upper stream flows from north to south with the longitudinal valley in the Ou mountains. The district is the most famous drifted-snow district, and the regional wind directions are very complicated and are influenced by the topography. The writer investigated house types there.
(1) In the downer stream district the entrance of main house appears similler to that in the Kitakami lowland. Some houses, however have set up temporary extended entrances with wood and miscanthus. In the upper part this extended entrance becomes a fixed one. These entrances which project from the main houses are 2m in length in the Iwasawa community. This becomes longer as one goes further westward, and reachesl to 2.5m-3m in Oarasawa, 3m-4m in inner districts. (2) The window as a transom becomes larger in size in inner Oarasawa. This is similar to that in the North-Japanese Alps and other drifted snow cistricts. (3) We can not find larmhouses with upstairs in the lower Waga streami but in the upper stream we can find some farmhouses with them in a part of the main house. These differ from those of the silk-raising district. (4) The frontal direction of houses in the lower river districts face the south and are cut down on the east side. In the upper river area, houses face toward the east or southeast side and are cut down on the north or northeast. (5) The writer asked local inhabitants for climatic data-drifted snow and wind directions. The interpretation of a few climatic landscapes are as follow. (7) The inhabitants must remove the snow from their roofs several times a year, so that every house is surrounded by snow laid 3m deep. Therefore, without exception we can find a special entrance, two-story houses and large transom windows for deep snowfall. Moreover, the cutting down of a house will face toward opposite side of the wind direction, because snow drift on the opposite side of wind direction.