山形県新庄盆地に於ける農村核心集落の数例

農村地域における最近の中心形成

抄録

In the undeveloped districts in Japan Proper, the major patters of present service centers was established in the feudal days hundreds years ago, as a castle town, a post town, a river communicaion village or a larger agricultural settlement. Therefore, it will be worthy of note that some of the rural centers in the Shinjo Basin (general service features of which were already informed in the paper of footnote 9) were established latestly and suggest the present dominant factors of the creation of rural centers in such regions. The writer classified the center villages in this basin into four types.
(1) Proper larger settlement type (old stage) : Some old post towns and river communication including Nikke and Isagozawa (Fig. 2-6) belong to this type. (3) Ooaza center type (younger) : In the extensively bounded Mura, especially when the center is one-sided type 1, the center with commercial core and almost all public institutions but Mura-office was foimed in the non-center part in each Mura. This formation occurred in 1926 33 when the construction of rail ways disregarded the center of type 1 and set the station in the non-center area. This type is k center in Fig. 12 including Masugata (Fig. 9). (4) Post War center type (infantial) : In Mura served by two or more centers of type 1 and type 3, some public institutions including even Mura-office have removed after the World War II to the mid-central part of their already-established centers. A commercial core and some agricultural housing are now growing around them. An example is cited in Fig10.
Through the analysis of these villages, the following were noticed. (1) Presence of governmental or administrative institutions is so important a factor regarding to the development of rural centers in undeveloped regions today, as the isolation of Mura-office and other public institutions can cause a new creation of central Villagas. This is also why the rural service center in Japan almost always coincide to the site of Mura-office. (2) On the back ground of growing importance of the admini-strative unit as a social band, the rural service centers are tend to remove more and more towards the central portion of every Mura (through two ways; directly in the case of type 2 and after the period of disruption of centers in the case of type 4) under the leadership o the site of public institutions as above.