岩木盆地りんご生産の質的配置

農村階級区分論に関係して

抄録

I) In this paper the writer attempts an analysis of the management of apple farming, obtained through a process of such development as is regulated by a law he alreacy mentioned concerning the qualitative expansion of the apple production in the Iwaki Basin. In other words he tries to find out the character of the farm groups drawn out from heterogeneous farms, then to examine the areal difference of the charater, and further to refer to the relation to the qualitative development, hoping that a step will be taken in grasping the geographical character of marketing agriculture.
The problem to which a peculiar meaning has been attached in agricultural economics has been introduced because he intends to be free from the easy-going analysis having been adopted in geography. Consequently the detailed analysis of the management is not to be mesnt for, but the chief indicators which appear conspicuously in marketing agriculture is examined and the areal arrangement showing locally a considerable difference is going to be discussed. And the idea of class-division is introduced because the growth of capitalistic classes formed by the disolution of the class of farmers with the result of the advent of wage-labor, is of much importance to the development of the capitalism in agriculture. The elements of the management geography has ever adopted seem too often superficial and external.
II) Areal character of class-constitution as farmers' groups. After the war, the dispute about the class-division of farmers developed and the former ones according to land-ownership or nanagement-scale being rejected, there has been proposed a new one tased on exploitation caused by the relation between capital aud labor. But the quantitative constitution of the farmers' classes and its areal difference have seldom been found in the concret studies. From this point of view he makes this analysis by the help of K. Fukumo's method of class-division. The classification of farmers shown by the statistics is inappropriate to deal with the calss-constituton for the following reasons; that is, (1) such classification as land-owners, peas ant-owner-operators and tenant-farmers means a pre-capitalistic relation resulting from land-ownership and each item contains the opposition among the capitalistic classes in itself, (2) the one based upon the occupation, special or subsidiary, can not reveal the class-relation either, and (3) the in ana gement-scale has no essential meaning as to agricul-tural development, but reflects the partial and exterior character of the classes because it does not show the character of the fjrmeconomy or farms. But the classification based on the management scale would be a fairly efficient means as 2 preliminary step if it were dealt with carefully.
Various materials informs him that apple farming generally brings more profit than rice-crop, and as to apple farming, the farms with a larger area to manage gain a great deal within the scale of 1-15 cho, consequently it is easy for them to accumulate the capital. Such farms are located in the natural levee area and around Hirosaki-shi showing the progress of the capitalistic mode of production and excellent agricultural techniques, and convincing the writer that there seem to be more rich farmers than the other areas viewed from class-constitution (Fig. 1). Comparing the apple-farming farms with rice growing ones, many of the former are rich ones having hired laborers. (Fig. 3) Conse-quently the higher ratio of apple-farming farms to the whole farms a village or a town shows, the more farms with agricultural annual employees it contains (Fig. 4), many of them, moreover, hiring more than two annual ones. Such areas are found in the above mentioned apple-farming zone.