使徒「ユニア(ス)」(ロマ書一六•七) をめぐって (平成一六年九月一三日 提出)

抄録

I will summarize several points developed through my consideration of the Apostle“Junia(s)”in Rom 16:7.
(1) In view of the textcriticism and of the history of the notation “Junia/Junias”, the Vulgata notation“Iuniam”(→Iunia) correctly translates the ancient Greek Unicals“IOYNIAN”(→IOYNIA) to Latin.
(2) This notation has been retained in the translation of the Catholic Church who regarded the Vulgata as their canon, and of the Orthodox Church based on“Textus Receptus”through modern times until today. After the Second Vatican Council (1st: 1962, 2nd: 1963, 3rd: 1964, 4th: 1965), however, the ecumenical flavour was emphasized in the Catholic Church, and the Vatican encouraged Catholic scholars to make a translation of the Common Bible with the Protestant Church. It led the Catholic Church to part from the Vulgata and translate Novum Testamentum Graece/ Greek New Testament (NTG/GNT) as the original text for the Common Bible with the Protestant Church. In consequence, the notation of“Junia”(a female name) was changed to“Junias”(a male name) by NTG/GNT ('Ιουνιαζ). The Bible Translation of the Franciscan Bible Institute and the Common Bible Translation in Japan reflect this, and both of them adopt the notation“Junias”.
(3) The notation“Junias”which comes from medieval Minuscules ('Ιουνιαν→'Ιουναζ) is the result of the Aegituius Romanus' view (early fourteenth century) that only men can be“Apostles”, the influence of Protestant Church theologians, such as Luther and Calvin, and the authority of the NTG/GNT.
(4) The feminist viewpoint which proposes the notation“Junia”against these authorities should be regarded highly. It seems that“Junia”in the Aono's Japanese translatoin in the Iwanami Shoten Version and the Japanese translation of the Franciscan Bible Institute (the 15th printing of revised edition) results from the acceptance of this proposal.
(5) Independent of the feminist viewpoint, however, it should be noted that the notation“Junia”has been dominant particularly in Catholic biblical translation through modern times until today.
(6) It is certain that there was at least one woman“Apostle”in Roman christian communities in the middle of the first century.