Feeding Support Team for Frail, Disabled, or Elderly People during the Early Phase of a Disaster

Abstract

Japan was struck by two catastrophic disasters on March 11, 2011 and on April 16, 2016. The former was the Great East Japan Earthquake (M9.0) and the latter was the Kumamoto Earthquake (M7.0). Most inhabitants in the affected areas of both disasters were forced to live in evacuation centers right after the earthquake. Poor oral hygiene, inactivity, malnourishment, appetite loss, eating problems, and swallowing problems due to lack of support for frail, disabled, or elderly evacuees occur during the early phases after a disaster. Disaster-related sequelae, such as pneumonia and disuse syndrome, may also occur as a result of inappropriate nutritional and physical support. Adequate oral intake and physical activity are important to the quality of life for evacuees. We learned lessons from our experiences of evacuee support after the two disasters, focused on feeding support, which consisted of nutritional and physical care. Our experiences revealed that more rapid intervention is necessary, particularly for frail, disabled, or elderly people. In this study, based on our experiences from the two dreadful disasters in Japan, we propose a new concept of medical assistance after a disaster, the Disaster Feeding Support Team (D-FST). The D-FST is composed of multidisciplinary professionals and provides comprehensive nutritional, physical, and health support. The D-FST also performs interventions for swallowing exercises, activity, health condition, and cognition that are related to eating circumstances. We suggest that D-FSTs are organized nationwide and initiate support activities immediately after the onset of a disaster.